Izibonelo Zobuningi Kumasinonimi

Ulimi luyibhizinisi eliguqukayo, elithuthukayo ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuxhumana eziguqukayo. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zanoma yiluphi ulimi ukusetshenziswa kobuningi—amagama asho okungaphezu kweyodwa yenhlangano ethile. Ukwenziwa kobuningi bamagama kulandela imithetho ethile, kodwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi njengokwengeza u“s” ekugcineni kwebizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo womqondo ofanayo, amagama anezincazelo ezifanayo, wengeza olunye ungqimba lobunkimbinkimbi lapho uqonda ubuningi.

Le ndatshana ihlose ukuhlola ukuphambana kwezinhlobo zobuningi kanye nesynonymy, ikhombisa ukuthi amagama ahlukene afana nomqondo ofanayo angashintsha kanjani uma esebuningini. Sizohlola amaphethini obuningi avamile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamabizo, ukuthi amagama afanayo avumelana kanjani nalawa maphethini, kanye nezimo lapho amagama afanayo ehluka ngobuningi. Ukwengeza, sizogqamisa amanuances avela ezimweni ezithile ezifana nobuningi obungajwayelekile, amabizo eqoqo, namagama abolekwe kwezinye izilimi.

1. Isingeniso Samafomu Obuningi

NgesiNgisi, ubuningi bebizo ngokuvamile busho ibhilidi elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Emabizweni amaningi, ubuningi bulandela iphethini evamile: engeza us noma ues efomini elilodwa (isb., ikati/amakati, ibhokisi/amabhokisi. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile okuningana okuphambuka kulo mthetho, njengobuningi obungajwayelekile (isb., ingane/izingane, igundane/amagundane.

Amasinonimu amagama anezincazelo ezifanayo kodwa angase ahluke ngesipelingi, ukuphimisela, noma umongo wokusetshenziswa. Lapho sihlola izinhlobo zobuningi bomqondofana, sithola amaphethini ezilimi amaningana athakazelisayo. Ngenkathi amanye amagama afanayo eningi ngokufanayo, amanye alandela imithetho ehlukene ngokusekelwe esakhiweni sawo sohlelo noma umsuka weetymological.

2. Ukwandiswa Okujwayelekile kanye Namagama afanayo

Amabizo esiNgisi amaningi akha ubuningi bawo ngokungeza us noma ues ekugcineni. Isibonelo, amagama afanayo avamile njengokuthi imoto nelithi imoto aningi njengokuthi izimoto kanye nezimoto, ngokulandelana. Womabili amabizo athatha ubuningi obujwayelekile ngokungeza us.

• Izindlu→Izindlu
• Ikhaya→Amakhaya

Lapha, elithi indlu nelithi ikhaya asondelene nawomqondofana enza ubuningi ngendlela efanayo. Nakuba igama elithi ikhaya livame ukusetshenziswa ngomqondo obanzi oyisingathekiso, womabili amagama abhekisela endaweni yokuhlala futhi alandela imithetho evamile yobuningi.

• Izinja→Izinja
• ICanine→ICanines

Kulesi simo, inja kanye necanine abelana ngezincazelo ezihlobene nezinhlobo zezilwane. Womabili la magama kulula ukuwenza abe maningi ngokwengeza us, ngokuhambisana nezinkambiso ezijwayelekile zobuningi ngesiNgisi.

3. Ubuningi obungajwayelekile kanye namaSynonym

IsiNgisi sihlanganisa nobuningi obungajwayelekile obungalandeli iphethini evamile yokwengeza okuthi s noma es. Amanye amabizo ashintsha ngaphakathi, kanti amanye anezinhlobo zobuningi ezihluke ngokuphelele. Uma sihlola omqondofana kulo mongo, sithola ukuthi amapheya athile afanayo noma amaqembu angaba nobuningi ngendlela ehlukile.

• Indoda→Amadoda
• Gentleman→Gentlemen

Kokubili elithi man nelithi gentleman libhekisela kumuntu wesilisa omdala, kodwa ubuningi babo bulandela amaphethini ahlukene angavamile. Umuntu uba amadoda ngokushintsha konkamisa kwangaphakathi, kuyilapho elithi gentleman lakha ubuningi balo ngokungeza amadoda ekupheleni kwegama, ukugcina impande injalo. Ngaphandle komqondo ofanayo, ubuningi bazo abuhambisani kahle.

• Ingane→Izingane
• Izingane→Izingane

Ingane nelithi ingane angumqondo ofanayo, kodwa elithi ingane lakha ubuningi balo njengokuthi izingane, okungajwayelekile, kanti elithi ingane lilandela umthetho ojwayelekile ngokumane wengeze us ukuze abe izingane.

• Igundane→Amagundane
• Igundane→Izigundane

Igundane igama elingavamile elishintsha ngaphakathi libe amagundane, kuyilapho igundane, igama elifanayo legundane nezinye izilwane ezincane eziququdayo, lakha ubuningi balo njalo ngokungeza us. Lo mehluko ukhombisa ukuthi amagama afanayo angaba kanjani namaphethini obuningi aphikisanayo kuye ngohlobo lwawo oluthile.

4. Ubuningi Bamabizo Ahlanganisiwe kanye Nomqondofana Wawo

Amabizo eqoqo abhekisela eqenjini labantu ngabanye noma izinto ezibhekwa njengeziphelele. Amagama amaningi eqoqo angabuye abe buningi, nakuba engase aziphathe ngendlela ehlukile komqondofana wawo.

• Umhlambi→Imihlambi
• Iqembu→Amaqembu

Kokubili elithi herd nelithi group lingasho iqoqo lezilwane noma abantu. Nakuba zinencazelo efanayo, igama elithi umhlambi lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezilwaneni, ikakhulukazi imfuyo, futhi iqembu lisetshenziswe ngomqondo ojwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, bobabili balandela umthetho ojwayelekile wobuningi bokwengeza okuthi s.

• Ithimba→Amaqembu
• Isquad→Amaqembu

Iqembu kanye neqembu womabili amabizo eqoqo asho iqembu labantu abasebenza ndawonye, ​​ngokuvamile kwezemidlalo noma kwezempi. Bobabili baningi njalo ngokungeza okuthi s.

Kwezinye izimo, nokho, amabizo eqoqo awaningi ngendlela evamile, noma ubuningi bawoithatha into ehlukile.

• Inhlanzi→Inhlanzi(noma Izinhlanzi)
• Isikole→Izikole

Inhlanzi ingahlala ingashintshiwe ebuningini uma ibhekisela ezinhlanzini eziningi zohlobo olufanayo, kodwa izinhlanzi zingasetshenziswa uma kubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikole (njengaseqenjini lezinhlanzi) sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izikole. Lo mehluko ocashile ubonisa ukuthi ubuningi bamagama eqoqo kungase kuhluke kanjani kuye komongo, ngisho nalapho kukhulunywa ngomqondofana.

5. Omqondofana namagama abolekiwe kanye nokwandiswa

Amagama amaningi esiNgisi aboleke kwezinye izilimi, ikakhulukazi isiLatini, isiGreki, nesiFulentshi, futhi lawa magama avamise ukugcina imithetho yawo yoqobo yobuningi, engahluka kumaphethini ajwayelekile esiNgisi. Lokhu kuyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi uma sicabangela amapheya afanayo lapho igama elilodwa lilandela imithetho yobuningi besiNgisi kanti elinye lilandela imithetho yangaphandle.

• Inkomba→Izinkomba
• List→List

Inkomba isuselwa kusiLatini, futhi ubuningi bayo buthi indices (yize izinkomba nazo zamukelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwesimanje. Khonamanjalo, uhlu, igama elifanayo eliqonde kakhudlwana, lilandela umthetho wesiNgisi ojwayelekile ngokwenza ubuningi bawo njengokuthi izinhlu.

• Izinhlekelele→Izinhlekelele
• Izimo eziphuthumayo→Izimo eziphuthumayo

Inkinga ilandela umthetho wobuningi osuselwe kuGreek, ishintsha isiphetho sayo sibe izinkinga. Ezimo eziphuthumayo, igama elifanayo lesimanje, livame ukuba nos.

• Datum→Idatha
• Iqiniso→Amaqiniso

Igama elithi datum lisuka kusiLatini, futhi ubuningi balo idatha iwubuningi obungajwayelekile obungabangezi us. Igama elifanayo elithi iqiniso lilandela imithetho evamile yesiNgisi, libe amaqiniso ebuningini.

6. Umehluko Womongo KumaSynonyms' Plurals

Kwezinye izimo, ubuningi begama bungaba nezincazelo noma izincazelo ezihlukene kuye ngegama elifanayo lalo.

• Umuntu→Abantu
• Umuntu→Umuntu Ngamunye

Yize elithi umuntu kanye nomuntu ngamunye afanayo, ubuningi bawo busetshenziswa ezimweni ezahlukene. Igama elithi abantu liwubuningi obuvame kakhulu elithi umuntu futhi lisetshenziswa ngomqondo ojwayelekile ukuze libhekisele eqenjini labantu. Ngamunye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, usemthethweni futhi ugcizelela ukwehlukana komuntu ngamunye eqenjini.

• Penny→PenniesorPence
• Amasenti→Amasenti

Kokubili elithi penny nelithi cent lisho amayunithi amancane ohlobo lwemali, kodwa elithi pennies lisho izinhlamvu zemali ezingazodwana, kanti elithi pence lisho inani lemali. Isenti, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilandela umthetho ojwayelekile wokwenza ubuningi, ukwakha amasenti ngaphandle kokushintsha incazelo yawo.

7. Isiphetho: Ukuqonda Ubuningi Kumasinonimi

Ubuningi bomqondofana kunikeza ukuqonda ngobunkimbinkimbi beEnglish morphology and semantics. Nakuba amagama amaningi anomqondo ofanayo elandela amaphethini obuningi avamile, amanye—ikakhulukazi amabizo angajwayelekile, amabizo ayiqoqo, namagama abolekiwe—abonisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene nezihlukene zokwenza ubuningi bawo. Umehluko emafomu obuningi phakathi komqondofana ungase futhi ubonise ukuhluka okucashile encazelweni noma ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.

Ukuqonda lokhu kwehluka kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukufunda kahle isiNgisi, ikakhulukazi ekubhaleni kwezemfundo, okuphrofeshinali, noma okusemthethweni, lapho ukusetshenziswa okunembayo kubalulekile. Ngokuhlola izinhlobo zobuningi zamagama afanayo, sizuza ukwazisa okujulile ngokucebile nokuhlukahluka kolimi lwesiNgisi.

Ekugcineni, ukuhlola ubuningi bomqondofana akugcini nje ngokucebisa ukuqonda kwethu uhlelo lolimi kodwa futhi kukhanyisa ubunkimbinkimbi bencazelo nomongo obumba ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo.

Ngemva kokuhlola imithetho evamile yobuningi, amafomu angajwayelekile, amabizo eqoqo, ukwehluka kwezilimi zesigodi, nezisho zeidiomatic, sibonile ukuthi ubuningi esiNgisini bungahluka kanjani kuwo wonke amagama amqondofana. Nokho, uhambo lokuqonda ubuningi bomqondofana lujula nakakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, sizoqhubeka nokuhlola amathonya omlando ezinhlotsheni zobuningi, sihlole ezakhiweni zolimi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuhlotshaniswa kwazo nomqondo ofanayo, siphenye ubuningi bamagama abolekiwe kanye namagama emalimboleko, futhi sithole ukukhetha kwesitayela ngokubhala. Sizophinde sibheke ubuningi emikhakheni ekhethekile njengezimo zomthetho nezesayensi, futhi sihlole ukuthi ubuningi bomqondofana bubonisa kanjani izici zamasiko, ingqondo, kanye nefilosofi yolimi.

1. Imithelela Engokomlando Ekuhlanganisweni Kwamagama Afanayo

IsiNgisi siwulimi oluye lwaba nenguquko ephawulekayo, lwamukela amagama avela kwezinye izilimi futhi lulungisa imithetho yohlelo phakathi nesikhathi. Omunye wamathonya omlando avelele umthelela wesiNgisi Esidala, isiNgisi Esimaphakathi, isiLatini, nesiNorman French. Lezi zendlalelo zolimi zibe nomthelela ohlala njalo emaphethini obuningi, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emagameni afanayo.

NgesiNgisi Sakudala, ubuningi bulandela imithetho embalwa kuyancikading ekilasini lebizo. Umaka wobuningi obuvame kakhulu kwakuwukwengezwa kukaas, kodwa ezinye zazihlanganisa izinguquko zonkamisa noma izijobelelo ezifana nozu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba iMiddle English yavela yaba nethonya elinamandla elivela kuNorman French nesiLatini, ubuningi besiNgisi kwaqala ukuzinza kuya kokushiwo s okuvame kakhulu esiphethweni esisisebenzisa namuhla. Kodwake, izinsalela zalezi zinguquko zomlando zisabonakala, ikakhulukazi ebuningini obungavamile kanye namagamafanayo asuselwe kulawa mafomu angaphambili.

• Unyawo→Izinyawo
• Imilenze→Imilenze

Unyawo lugcina isiNgisi Esidala esingajwayelekile sobuningi (kusuka kumsuka wesiJalimane), kuyilapho umlenze unesimo esivamile esisuselwe ekuthuthukisweni kwakamuva ngesiNgisi. Zombili zibhekisela ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezihlobene nokunyakaza, kodwa izimpande zomlando zonyawo ziholela ebuningini obuhlanganisa ukushintsha konkamisa kwangaphakathi (futhi kubonakala kwamanye amagama omsuka wesiJalimane njengokuthi izinyo → amazinyo), kuyilapho umlenze ilandela iphethini evamile yobuningi obuvamile emabizweni athonywe isiNorman French nesiLatini.

Esinye isibonelo somlando esithokozisayo yilesi:

• Izinkabi→Izinkabi
• Inkomo→Izinkomo

IOx isebenzisa uhlobo lobuningi besiNgisi Esidala olunoen, olwaluvamile ezigabeni ezithile zamabizo kodwa oluye lwanyamalala kakhulu ngesiNgisi sanamuhla. Igama elithi inkomo, nokho, lilandela iphethini yobuningi yesimanje ngokumane wengeze us. Womabili la magama angomqondofana uma kubhekiselwa emfuyweni, kodwa umehluko ebuningini bawo ugqamisa indlela umlando wamaNgisi owakhe ngayo ukumila kwawo.

IsiLatini nesiNorman French nazo zibe nomthelela ekwandiseni, ikakhulukazi ngamagama athathwe kulezi zilimi ngqo:

• Cactus→Cacti
• Plant→Izitshalo

ICactus ithatha ubuningi besiLatini cacti, okuhambisana nemithetho yesiLatini yobuningi, kuyilapho igama elifanayo elibanzi elithi plant liba nobuningi ngos. Lo mehluko ubalulekile kuzikhulumi nababhali, ikakhulukazi uma kudingeka ukunemba nokuba semthethweni, njengezimo zesayensi noma zezemfundo.

Ngakho, ukuthuthuka komlando kobuningi ngesiNgisi, okudalwe izendlalelo eziningi zethonya lolimi, kunikeza ukuqonda kokuthi kungani amanye amagama afanayo eningi ngokungajwayelekile kuyilapho amanye elandela amaphethini avamile.

2. Izakhiwo Zolimi kanye Nokwandiswa Kwegama elifanayo

Ngokombono wezilimi, ubuningi bezinto akusho nje ukwengeza us noma ukushintsha unkamisa—ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezakhiwo ezijulile zohlelo lolimi nemorphology. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zakhiwo zisebenza kanjani kumongo womqondo ofanayo kuveza ukuguquguquka kwesiNgisi, kodwa futhi nobunkimbinkimbi baso obukhona.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ngesiNgisi Esidala, amabizo ahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ahlukene ngokusekelwe eziqwini zawo, okwakunquma ukuthi abe buningi kanjani. Nakuba amaningi alawa maqembu ehlehlele abe iphethini eyodwa evamile, ubuningi obungajwayelekile namuhla (kanye namapheya awo ahlobene) ngezinye izikhathi zisalandela lezi zakhiwo zasendulo.

• Igundane→Amagundane
• Igundane→Izigundane

Igundane liyingxenye yesigaba samabizo ashintshayo ngaphakathi (kusetshenziswa ukuhlukaniswa kukankamisa noma ablaut) ebuningini bawo. Igundane, igama elifanayo lobuchwepheshe noma lesayensi, lingelesigaba esijwayelekile s sobuningi. Womabili la magama anencazelo efanayo evamile, nokho ubuningi bawo buyahluka ngenxa yezinhlelo zomlando zokuwohloka ezibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwawo kwemorphological.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile wolimi uphakathi kwamabizo wokubala (amabizo angabalwa, njengokuthi izincwadi) kanye namabizo amakhulu (amabizo angenakubalwa, njengokuthi ushukela noma ifenisha. Nakuba amabizo amaningi amaningi anezilinganiso ezifanayo zokubala, ubuningi bawo ngokuvamile abuqondile.

• Izisetshenziswa→ (akukho buningi)
• Amathuluzi→Amathuluzi

Izisetshenziswa yigama lenqwaba, okusho ukuthi ngokuvamile alithathi ubuningi. Igama layo elifanayo elithi amathuluzi, nokho, liyibizo lokubala futhi lingenziwa ngobuningi. Kulesi simo, umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezibalekayo nezingabaleki zegama elifanayo uthinta ubuningi.

• Amanzi→ (akukho buningi)
• Uketshezi→Okuketshezi

Amanzi iyibizo lenqwaba elingeke libe nobuningi ekusetshenzisweni kwalo okujwayelekile (yize ezimweni zesayensi, amanzi angase abhekisele emanzini noma emanzini amaminerali. AmaLiquids, nokho, ibizo elibala ebuningini balo, elimele izinhlobo ezahlukene zoketshezi. Lo mehluko ugqamisa ukuthi ubuningi begama akuncikile encazelweni kuphela kodwa nasekwakhiweni kohlelo lwegama.

3. Amagama Abolekiwe Namagama Okubolekwa: Omqondofana Nokwandiswa

IsiNgisi siboleke amagama ezilimini eziningi, futhi la magama abolekiwe kwesinye isikhathi agcina imithetho yobuningi bezilimi zawo zoqobo. Kodwake, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye amagama okubolekwa ajwayelane nemithetho evamile yobuningi besiNgisi. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekusebenzelaneni kwezinhlobo eziningi zobuningi begama elifanayo, ezingase zihluke kuye ngomqondo ofanayo.ym iyasebenza.

Amagama abolekwe esiLatini nasesiGrekini ngokuvamile agcina ubuningi bawo bangempela, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zemfundo, zesayensi, noma ezisemthethweni. Nokho, umhlaba okhuluma isiNgisi uya ngokuya wamukela amaphethini obuningi besiNgisi kwamanye alawa magama.

• IFenomenon→IPhenomena
• Imicimbi→Imicimbi

IPhenomenon iwukwebolekwa esiGriki, futhi ubuningi bayo izenzakalo ilandela imithetho yesiGreki. Nokho, igama elifanayo elivamile umcimbi lilandela umthetho ojwayelekile wokwenza ubuningi besiNgisi. Lapho ukhetha phakathi kwalokhu okubili, umongo uvame ukusho ukuthi yiliphi igama nobuningi obufanelekile. Embhalweni wezemfundo noma wesayensi, izenzakalo cishe ziyakhethwa, kuyilapho enkulumweni yansuku zonke noma ukubhala okungakahleleki, izenzakalo zivame kakhulu.

• Isithasiselo→IsihlomelosorIzithasiselo
• Okunamathiselwe→Okunamathiselwe

Isithasiselo singaba sebuningini njengokuthi izithasiselo (Latin) noma izithasiselo (isiNgisi. Igama elifanayo elivamile elithi okunamathiselwe lisebenzisa ubuningi obujwayelekile. Nakuba isithasiselo sivame ukuvela emisebenzini esemthethweni, yezemfundo, okunamathiselwe kuvame kakhulu ekuxhumaneni okuvamile, njengamaimeyili noma izingxoxo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuningi bamagama afanayo kukhombisa indlela ulimi olujwayelana ngayo namarejista ahlukene kanye namazinga okusemthethweni.

Amagama esiFulentshi abe nomthelela omkhulu esiNgisini, ikakhulukazi kwezomthetho, ezempi, nezokupheka. Amagama amaningi alawa magama abolekiwe asalandela amaphethini obuningi besiFulentshi, nakuba amanye ejwayele uhlelo lwesiNgisi.

• Umpheki→Abapheki(IsiNgisi)
• Cuisine→ (akukho buningi)

Umpheki, ebolekwe kusiFulentshi, ulandela umthetho ojwayelekile wokwenza ubuningi besiNgisi (abapheki. Kodwake, igama elithi cuisine, igama elifanayo elithi ukudla noma isitayela sokupheka, ngokuvamile alithathi ubuningi, njengoba libhekisela kumqondo ovamile esikhundleni sezinto ezingazodwana.

• Ihhovisi→IBureausorBureaux(French)
• Ideski→Amadeski

IBureau igcina kokubili ubuningi bayo besiFulentshi (ibureaux) kanye nenguqulo yeanglicized (bureaus. Igama layo elifanayo elithi ideski, igama eliqonde kakhudlwana, liba nobuningi njalo. Ezimweni ezisemthethweni, elithi bureaux lingase lisetshenziswe ukuvusa umsuka wesiFulentshi, kuyilapho elithi bureaus livame kakhulu kusiNgisi sansuku zonke.

4. Ukwanda Kwezimo Zezomthetho Nezesayensi

Emikhakheni yezomthetho neyesayensi, ukunemba kolimi kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ubuningi bomqondofana kuvame ukudlala indima ekufezeni ukucaca nokunemba. Ake sihlole ukuthi lezi zindawo zikusingatha kanjani ukwenziwa kwamagama afanayo ngobuningi.

Ezimweni zezomthetho, amagama anjengokuthi ummeli, ijaji, ummangalelwa, nelithi ummangali anamagama afanayo, kodwa ubuningi bawo bungase buhluke kuye ngokuthi umuntu usebenzisa ijagoni yomthetho esemthethweni noma amagama amaningi ayizwi.

• Abameli→Abameli
• Iseluleko→ (abukho ubuningi noma Izeluleko)

Ngolimi lwezomthetho, ummeli ngokuvamile akabaleki uma kukhulunywa ngeseluleko sezomthetho noma ukumelwa (isb., Uthole iseluleko esihle. Kodwake, elithi ummeli liyibizo elibala elivame ukuphindaphinda. Ezimeni zomthetho ezisemthethweni, iseluleko singasetshenziswa kaningi kunokuthi abameli ukuze kugcizelelwe isici sochwepheshe seseluleko sezomthetho.

Amatemu esayensi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amagama abolekiwe asuka kusiLatini nesiGreki, futhi lawa magama angaba nezinhlobo ezikhethekile zobuningi ezihluke komqondofana wawo ovamile. Ososayensi nezifundiswa baqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo ezithile zobuningi emikhakheni yabo, nakuba abakhuluma isiNgisi ngaphandle kwaleyo mikhakha bangase basebenzise ubuningi obuvamile.

• Ifomula→IfomulaIfomula
• Izibalo→Izibalo

Kusayensi, ikakhulukazi kuzibalo nekhemistri, ifomula ivamise ukwenziwa ngobuningi njengokuthi ifomula (kusuka kusiLatini), nakuba amafomula nawo amukelwa. Igama layo elifanayo elithi equation liningi ngendlela yesiNgisi evamile ngokungeza us. Ososayensi bangase bakhethe ifomula ukuze kugcinwe ukunemba nokuba semthethweni, kuyilapho izibalo noma amafomula kungase kusetshenziswe ezimweni ezibanzi.

• Idatha→Idatha
• Iqiniso→Amaqiniso

Njengoba kuxoxiwe ngakho ngaphambili, elithi datum lilandela umthetho wesiLatini wobuningi, idatha ingubuningi bayo. Kodwake, ngolimi lwansuku zonke, idatha ivamise ukuphathwa njengebizo lesisindo elisebunyeni (isb., Idatha ibalulekile. Igama layo elifanayo elithi iqiniso liba sebuningini njalo ngokuthi amaqiniso, futhi nakuba lawa magama amabili engewona omqondofana aphelele, avame ukushintshashintsha engxoxweni evamile, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwemikhakha yesayensi.

5. Ukukhetha Kwesitayela Ekubhaleni: Ukusebenzisa Amafomu Obuningi Bamasinonimi

Ababhali bavame ukubhekana nokukhetha kwesitayela lapho bekhetha amagama afanayo kanye nobuningi bawo. Lezi zinketho zingaba nemiphumela ecashile ethoni, esemthethweni, nasekucaceni. Uma amagama afanayo amaningi etholakala, ababhali kufanele bacabangele ukuthi iplura kanjaniAmafomu angase abe nomthelela ekuhambeni kokubhala kwawo.

Ukukhethwa kwegama elifanayo kanye nobuningi balo kungathinta izinga lokusemthethweni ekubhalweni.

• Ingane→Izingane
• Izingane→Izingane

Kokubili elithi ingane nelithi ingane avame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa elithi ingane livamise ukusemthethweni, ikakhulukazi ekubhaleni kwezemfundo noma kochwepheshe, kuyilapho elithi ingane livamile. Ukwenziwa kobuningi bala magama kulandela imithetho evamile, kodwa ukukhetha phakathi kwezingane nelithi izingane kungaba nomthelela kwithoni yombhalo. Iathikili yezemfundo ingase ibhekisele kuzingane lapho kuxoxwa ngokukhula kwengqondo, kuyilapho okubhalwe kubhulogi mayelana nokuba umzali kungase kubhekise izingane nje.

• Ukuhlaziya→Ukuhlaziya
• Buyekeza→Ukubuyekeza

Ezingqikithini ezisemthethweni, ukuhlaziya kanye nobuningi bayo ukuhlaziya kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kudluliselwe ukuhlola okunemininingwane, okuhlelekile. Ukubuyekeza yigama elibanzi, elenziwa ubuningi njengokuthi izibuyekezo, futhi livame ukungahleleki kakhulu. Womabili la magama anezincazelo ezifanayo, kodwa ubuningi bawo bungavusa amazinga ahlukene okuba yinkimbinkimbi noma okusemthethweni kuye ngomongo.

Ekubhalweni kobuchwepheshe noma kwezemfundo, ubuningi begama elifanayo lingakhethwa ukuze kucace noma kucace.

• IHypothesis→Imibono
• Ithiyori→Imibono

Nakuba okuthi hypothesis kanye nombono ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa ngokushintshana enkulumweni evamile, anezincazelo ezihlukile ekubhaleni kwesayensi. Amahypotheses asho iziphakamiso eziqondile, ezivivinywayo, kanti imibono iyincazelo ebanzi yezenzakalo. Ukukhethwa kobuningi bobuningi kungathinta kakhulu ukunemba nokunemba kwephepha lesayensi, futhi ababhali kufanele bazi ngalo mehluko.

6. Ukuboniswa Kwezamasiko Nokuqonda Ngobuningi

Ubuningi bomqondofana kungaphinda kubonise izici zamasiko, zokuqonda, nezefilosofi zolimi. Kwezinye izimo, ukukhetha kobuningi kuphethe ukubaluleka kwamasiko noma kuveza imininingwane yokuthi izikhulumi zibona kanjani imiqondo ethile.

Kwamanye amasiko, izinhlobo ezithile zobuningi zingase zibe nokubaluleka okungokomfanekiso noma kwezenkolo.

• Umfowethu→UmfowethuAbafowethu

Abazalwane iwubuningi obudala begama elithi mfowethu, elivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zenkolo noma zobuzalwane ukuze kugcizelelwe ubunye nokuhlobana ngale kobudlelwane bemvelo. Ukukhetha abazalwane esikhundleni sokuthi abazalwane kunesisindo samasiko nefilosofi, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yezenkolo, lapho kungase kufanekisele ubuzalwane obungokomoya.

• Ingane→Izingane
• Inzalo→Inzalo(ubuningi noma ubunye)

Yize elithi izingane liwubuningi obujwayelekile bokuthi ingane, inzalo igama elingasetshenziswa njengokubili ubunye kanye nobuningi. Inzalo ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezisemthethweni noma zesayensi, ngokuvamile lapho kubhekiselwa kuzinzalo zemvelo zezilwane noma abantu ngomqondo ohlangene. Lo mehluko ubonisa ukushintsha kwengqondo endleleni esibona ngayo inzalo yomuntu ngamunye uma iqhathaniswa neqoqo.

Ekugcineni, ubuningi bomqondofana kungaveza izinqubo zengqondo ezihlobene nendlela izikhulumi ezibeka ngayo ngokwezigaba futhi zilinganise umhlaba ozizungezile.

• Umuntu→Abantu
• Umuntu→Umuntu Ngamunye

Ukukhetha phakathi kokuthi abantu kanye nomuntu ngamunye kubonisa umehluko wokuqonda phakathi kokubuka abantu bebonke noma njengamabhizinisi ahlukene. Igama elithi People libhekisela eqenjini lilonke, kuyilapho elithi umuntu ngamunye ligcizelela ukuhluka nokuhlukana komuntu ngamunye. Ubuningi buba nomthelela endleleni esicabanga ngayo nesixhumana ngayo nobudlelwano bomphakathi.

• Izindlu→Izindlu
• Izindawo→Izindawo Zokuhlala

Izindlu isho izinhlobo ezithile zezakhiwo, kanti izindlu zingabhekisa kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala, okuhlanganisa amatende, amafulethi, namaqhugwana. Ukukhetha uhlobo lobuningi kuthinta indlela esiqoqa ngayo izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo zokuhlala. Izindawo zokuhlala zigcizelela umsebenzi wesikhala, kuyilapho izindlu zigxile kakhulu esakhiweni somzimba.

7. Isiphetho: Ukujula Kokuxutshwa Kwezinto Ezifanayo

Ukwanda ngesiNgisi kukude nenqubo elula, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngomqondofana. Kusukela emithonyeni yomlando neyolimi kuye ezintweni zamasiko nezokuqonda, indlela esenza ngayo amagama abe maningi—ikakhulukazi omqondofana—iveza uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olubonisa ukuvela kolimi ngokwalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithonywe imithetho yohlelo lolimi esuka kuOld English, ethonywa ukubolekwa kwesiLatini nesiGreki, noma kuqondiswa ukukhetha kwesitayela ekubhaleni, amaphethini obuningi anikeza ukuqonda kokuthi sihlukanisa kanjani, sibona, futhi sixhumana kanjani nomhlaba osizungezile.

Ngokuhlola ubuningi ngamagama amqondofana, sithola umehluko ocashile encazelweni, iphimbo, nokusetshenziswa okucebisa ukuqonda kwethu ulimi. IsiNgisi siyaqhubeka nokuguquguquka, futhi njengoba senza, ubuningi bomqondofana kuzohlala kumnandi futhi kubalulekile.isici esibalulekile socwaningo lolimi, oluthinta yonke into kusukela engxoxweni evamile ukuya ekubhaleni okusemthethweni kanye nenkulumo yesayensi. Ngalokhu kuguquguquka okuqhubekayo, izinhlobo zobuningi bomqondofana zisebenza njengokuvezwa kwesiko lethu, ukuqonda, kanye namaphethini okuxhumana, okubonisa ukunotha nokuvumelana nezimo kolimi lwesiNgisi.