Liyini Ikhono Lokunyakaza?

Isingeniso

Ikhono lokunyakaza liwumqondo obanzi noguqukayo osho amandla okwenza izenzo zomzimba ngokunemba, ukusebenza kahle, nokulawula. Idlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke, ezemidlalo, kanye nemfundo yomzimba, inomthelela ekhonweni lethu lokusebenzelana nomhlaba osizungezile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukucosha inkomishi yekhofi, ukugijima ibanga elide, noma ukwenza inqubo yokudansa eyinkimbinkimbi, amakhono okunyakaza alolonga amakhono ethu ngokomzimba kanye nempilo enhle iyonke.

Le athikili ihlola incazelo, izinhlobo, ukuthuthukiswa, nokubaluleka kwamakhono okunyakaza, ukuthola imininingwane evela ekufundeni kwezimoto, isayensi yezemidlalo, kanye nesayense yokuthuthuka.

Ukuchaza Ikhono Lokunyakaza

Ikhono lokunyakaza yikhono lokwenza ukunyakaza okuthile noma uchungechunge lokunyakaza ngendlela ehlelekile nelawulwayo. Amakhono okunyakaza angasukela emisebenzini elula, efana nokuhamba noma ukuma, ukuya emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi efana nokudlala insimbi noma ukwenza umjikelezo wokujima. Lawa makhono ancike olwazini lwezinzwa, ukusebenzisana kwezinzwa, ibhalansi, amandla, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo.

Amakhono okunyakaza ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:

• Amakhono aphelele emisipha: Ukunyakaza komzimba okukhulu (isb., ukugijima, ukugxuma.
• Amakhono amahle emisipha: Izenzo eziqondile ezibandakanya imisipha emincane (isb., ukubhala, ukuthayipha.

Izinhlobo Zamakhono Okunyakaza

Amakhono okunyakaza angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbalwa kuye komongo enziwa kuwo:

• Amakhono Okunyakaza Okuyisisekelo (FMS): Ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo njengokugijima, ukugxuma, nokulinganisa.
• Amakhono eLocomotor: Ukunyakaza njengokuhamba, ukugijima, nokugxuma.
• Amakhono angewona awelocomotor: Ukunyakaza okumile njengokulinganisa noma ukusonta.
• Amakhono Okukhohlisa: Ukuphatha izinto ngokunemba, njengokujikijela noma ukubamba.
• Amakhono Akhethekile Kwezemidlalo: Ukunyakaza okukhethekile kuyadingeka kwezemidlalo ezithile.
• Ukulawulwa Kwezimoto Nokudidiyela: Ukwenziwa okushelelayo kokunyakaza ngokuhlelwa kwezimoto nokuxhumana.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamakhono Okunyakaza

Amakhono okunyakaza athuthuka kukho konke ukuphila futhi athonywa izinto eziningi ezihlanganisa iminyaka, isipiliyoni, nendawo. Izigaba zokuthuthuka zihlanganisa:

Ezincane, amakhono ayisisekelo emisipha njengokukhasa, ukuma, nokugijima ayavela. Ukudlala nokuhlola kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okunyakaza omzimba abi nakahle.

Izingane zithuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza, zifunda amaphethini emisipha ayinkimbinkimbi. Ukubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo ehleliwe kuba yinto evamile ngalesi sikhathi.

Ebusheni nasebudaleni, abantu ngabanye bagxila ekuqeqesheni nasekulawuleni amakhono okunyakaza. Ukukhula ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ezigabeni zangaphambili kuvame ukuba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwabantu abadala.

Izinto Ezithinta Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhono Lokunyakaza

• Ufuzo: Isimo semvelo samakhono athile omzimba.
• Imvelo: Ukuchayeka emisebenzini yomzimba kanye nokudlala kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesisindo.
• Ukuzijwayeza: Ukuphindaphinda kusiza ukuqinisa izindlela zeneural zokunyakaza okucolisisiwe.
• Iziyalezo Nempendulo: Abaqeqeshi noma othisha banikeza impendulo ukusiza abantu ngabanye bathuthukise indlela yokwenza.
• Ukugqugquzela: Abantu abajabulela ukuvivinya umzimba kungenzeka ukuthi bazilolonge futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo.

Ukubaluleka Kwamakhono Okunyakaza

Amakhono okunyakaza abalulekile ezicini ezihlukahlukene zempilo:

• Impilo Nokufaneleka: Ukuthuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza kuthuthukisa ukuqina komzimba futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezingelapheki.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengqondo Nezenhlalakahle: Imisebenzi yomzimba ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo futhi ithuthukise amakhono omphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
• Ikhwalithi Yempilo: Amakhono okunyakaza asiza abantu ukuthi balondoloze ukuzimela futhi babambe iqhaza emisebenzini yansuku zonke empilweni yakho yonke.

Izisekelo Zemizwa Nengqondo Zamakhono Okunyakaza

Amakhono okunyakaza athonywa izinqubo zengqondo nezinzwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukufunda kwezimoto, ineuroplasticity, kanye nendima yesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi ekulawuleni ukunyakaza kokuzithandela.

Ukufunda kwezimoto kwenzeka ngezigaba: ezokuqonda, ezihlanganisayo, nezizimele. Ukuzilolonga kuqinisa ukuxhumana kwemizwa, kuvumela ukunyakaza okusebenza kahle.

Imotor cortex, icerebellum, nebasal ganglia idlala izindima ezibalulekile ekwenzeni nasekucwengisiseni ukunyakaza. Intambo yomgogodla idlulisela amasignali emisipha emisipha, ixhumanise ukunyakaza ngempendulo yezinzwa.

Impendulo yangaphakathi nengaphandle isiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okunyakaza. Impendulo yangaphakathi wulwazi lwezinzwa olutholwa ngokwemvelo luvela emzimbeni, kuyilapho impendulo yangaphandle ivela emithonjeni yangaphandle efana neco.ubuhlungu.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwamakhono Okunyakaza

Amakhono okunyakaza abalulekile ekusebenzeni komsubathi. Abasubathi bazilolongela futhi bacwengisise amakhono aqondene nezemidlalo, ngokuvamile ngosizo lwempendulo namasu okuziqeqesha athuthukile.

Abelaphi bomzimba basiza abantu ngabanye ukuthi baphinde bathole amakhono okunyakaza ngemva kokulimala noma ukuhlinzwa ngezinhlelo ezihlosiwe zokuhlunyeleliswa. Ukuqeqeshwa okuqondene nomsebenzi kuvamile ekubuyiseleni izimilo ukusiza iziguli ukuthi zilulame ukusebenza kwemisipha.

Izinhlelo zemfundo yokuzivocavoca zigxile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono ayisisekelo okunyakaza ezinganeni. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza ukwakha isisekelo sempilo esebenzayo nenempilo.

Umbono Wesikhathi Sokuphila Kwamakhono Okunyakaza

Amakhono okunyakaza ayathuthuka njengoba abantu bethuthuka ezigabeni ezihlukene zempilo:

Ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo ebuntwaneni kubeka isisekelo sokunyakaza ngokuzithandela. Amakhono ezimoto afana nokukhasa nokuhamba athuthuka njengoba ingane ihlola indawo yayo.

Lesi sigaba sigxile kumakhono ayisisekelo okunyakaza, okuhlanganisa ukugijima, ukugxuma, nokujikijela. Amakhono okunyakaza ezingane athuthuka ngokudlala nokuhlola.

Izingane ziqala ukuhlanganisa amakhono ayisisekelo zibe ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo nemfundo yomzimba kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono emisipha ngalesi sikhathi.

Intsha ithuthukisa amakhono akhethekile okunyakaza futhi ithola izinguquko emandleni nasekuxhumaneni ngenxa yokukhula komzimba. Ezemidlalo ziba yinto okugxilwe kuyo abantu abaningi kulesi sigaba.

Ukusebenza komzimba okuphezulu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwabantu abadala. Lesi sigaba sigxile ekugcineni ukufaneleka kanye nokucwenga amakhono okunyakaza kokubili ngezinjongo zobungcweti nezokuzijabulisa.

Esikhathini sobudala esimaphakathi, ukugxilwa kushintsha kusukela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kuye ekugcineni ukusebenza komzimba nokuvimbela ukulimala. Ukuzilolonga okuvumelana nezimo nokulinganisela kubaluleka.

Amakhono okunyakaza asiza ukugcina ukuzimela futhi avimbele ukuwa kubantu abadala. Ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla nokulinganisela kuba semqoka ekulondolozeni ukuhamba.

Izinselele Ekuthuthukisweni Kwamakhono Okunyakaza

• Indlela yokuphila Yokungalali: Isikhathi sesikrini esikhulisiwe singakhawulela umsebenzi womzimba, okuholela ekubambezelekeni noma ekulimazeni ukukhula kwemoto, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
• Ukulimala: Ukulimala kuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okunyakaza kanye nokululama kudinga ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nokuvuselelwa.
• Ukukhubazeka: Imfundo yokuzivocavoca ejwayelwe kanye nokwelashwa kusekela abantu abakhubazekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okunyakaza.
• Ukuguga: Ukwehla ngokomzimba kubantu abadala kungase kuthinte amakhono okunyakaza, kodwa ukuzivocavoca kungasiza ukuwalondoloza.

Iqhaza Lobuchwepheshe Ekuthuthukisweni Kwamakhono Okunyakaza

Abalandeleli bokufaneleka namadivayisi agqokekayo aqapha umsebenzi womzimba futhi anikeze impendulo ebalulekile ngamaphethini okunyakaza. Lobu buchwepheshe busiza abantu ukuthi balandelele ukuqhubeka futhi bazibekele imigomo yokufaneleka.

IVR iya ngokuya isetshenziswa ekuqeqesheni ezemidlalo nasekubuyiseleni izimilo ukuze ilingise imisebenzi yomhlaba wangempela, ihlinzeka ngendawo egxilile yokucwenga amakhono okunyakaza.

IAI ingahlaziya amaphethini okunyakaza futhi inikeze izincomo eziqondene nawe zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemoto noma ukululama, inikeze izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezenzelwe umuntu ngamunye.

Isiphetho

Amakhono okunyakaza ayingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila komuntu, athonya impilo yomzimba, ingqondo, kanye nemizwa. Kusukela ebuntwaneni kuye ekubeni abantu abadala, amakhono okunyakaza ayathuthukiswa, acwengisiswe, futhi ajwayelane nezidingo ezishintshayo zempilo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngezemidlalo, ukuvuselela, noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke, amakhono okunyakaza adlala indima ebalulekile kuyo yonke impilo kanye nekhwalithi yempilo. Ngokuqonda inkimbinkimbi yokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emoto kanye nokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe, abantu bangathuthukisa amakhono abo omzimba futhi bagcine ukuphila okusebenzayo, okunempilo kuyo yonke iminyaka yokuphila.