Kungani uPythagoras Ayedume?

UPythagoras waseSamos, isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki nesazi sezibalo, ungomunye wabantu abavelele emlandweni weGrisi yasendulo, futhi igama lakhe lisabonakala phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Waziwa kakhulu ngePythagorean Theorem, umgomo oyisisekelo kugeometry. Nokho, udumo lukaPythagoras ludlulela ngalé kwale theory. Ithonya lakhe lihlanganisa ifilosofi, izibalo, imysticism, nesayensi. Indlela yakhe eyingqayizivele yokuqonda indawo yonke ngezinombolo, ukuvumelana, kanye nesakhiwo seqiniso yakha umcabango omningi waseNtshonalanga futhi yaba negalelo elikhulu ezindaweni eziningi zolwazi.

Le ndatshana izohlola ukuthi kungani uPythagoras aduma, ububanzi beminikelo yakhe, ithonya lakhe emikhakheni eyahlukene, kanye nefa elihlala njalo alishiya ngemuva.

1. ITheorem yePythagorean: Ingqophamlando Yezibalo

UPythagoras waziwa kakhulu ngethiyori enegama lakhe: iPythagorean Theorem. Lesi simiso sejiyomethri sithi kunxantathu obheke kwesokudla, isikwele sobude behypotenuse (uhlangothi oluphambene neengeli engakwesokudla) silingana nesamba sezikwele zezinye izinhlangothi ezimbili. Ngokomfanekiso, lokhu kungavezwa njengokuthi:

a² b² = c²

Lapho futhi imelela ubude bezinhlangothi ezimbili ezifushane, kanye nobude behypotenuse. Nakuba ubufakazi buphakamisa ukuthi le thiyori yaziwa futhi isetshenziswa impucuko yangaphambili njengabaseBhabhiloni nabaseGibhithe, uPythagoras utuswa ngokuba ngowokuqala ukufakazela lokho ngokusemthethweni, noma okungenani ukuthuthukisa izimiso ezibanzi zejiyomethri eziwusekelayo.

ITheorem yePythagorean akuwona nje umqondo ongabonakali; inemisebenzi eminingi ebonakalayo emikhakheni efana nezakhiwo, ubunjiniyela, isayensi yezinkanyezi, kanye nefiziksi. Ihlala iyisisekelo semfundo yezibalo, yenza isisekelo semibono eyinkimbinkimbi.

2. Ithonya likaPythagoras kuMathematika

UPythagoras ubengaphezu nje kwesazi sezibalo esinikele ngethiyori eyodwa. Wayengomunye wabokuqala abacabanga izibalo njengendlela yokuqonda indawo yonke. UPythagoras nabalandeli bakhe, amaPythagoras, babekholelwa ukuthi izinombolo zazingewona nje amathuluzi awusizo okulinganisa umhlaba obonakalayo kodwa futhi zibalulekile ekubeni khona kwawo. Lo mbono wabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwefilosofi yezibalo.

UPythagoras wenze isiphakamiso sokuthi yonke into esendaweni yonke ingachazwa ngezinombolo kanye nobudlelwano bezibalo. Le nkolelo yayiwumgogodla wemfundiso yakhe yefilosofi. AmaPythagorean ayeze abheke izinombolo njengezinokubaluleka okungaqondakali nokungokomfanekiso. Isibonelo, inombolo yokuqala imelela ubumbano nomsuka wazo zonke izinto, ezimbili zifanekisela ukuhlukahluka, kanti ezintathu zazimelela ukuvumelana nokulinganisela.

Okunye okutholakele okumangazayo nokho okungajabulisi okubangelwa isikole sikaPythagoras kwaba ukuba khona kwezinombolo ezingenangqondo—izinombolo ezingakwazi ukuvezwa njengesilinganiso esilula samanani amabili aphelele. Ukuqaphela ukuthi impande eyisikwele yokubili, ngokwesibonelo, ayinakumelwa njengengxenyana kwaba ukushaqeka okukhulu kumaPythagoreans. Ngaphambilini babekholelwa ukuthi zonke izinombolo zazinengqondo futhi zingamelwa njengezilinganiso. Lokhu okutholakele kwabekela inselele umbono wabo womhlaba kodwa futhi kweqa imingcele yezibalo.

UPythagoras wanweba ukuqonda kwakhe izinombolo kwamazulu ngomqondo othiUkuvumelana Kwezimbulunga.Wayekholelwa ukuthi amaplanethi nezinkanyezi zihamba ngokuvumelana nezibalo zezibalo, zikhiqiza uhlobo oluthile lokuvumelana kwendawo yonke. Lo mqondo wabeka isisekelo sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kusayensi yezinkanyezi kanye nesayensi yendawo yonke. Nakuba umculo wezimbulunga wawungewona ongokoqobo, umbono kaPythagoras wendawo yonke ehlelwe ngokwezibalo wawuyisandulela sentuthuko yakamuva yombono wesayensi wezwe, ofuna ukuchaza izenzakalo zemvelo ngokusebenzisa imithetho yezibalo.

3. Iminikelo kaPythagoras kuFilosofi

Udumo lukaPythagoras ludlulela ngale kwezibalo. Futhi wayengumuntu obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwefilosofi yaseNtshonalanga. Amagalelo akhe asiza ekulolongeni ukucabanga kwezazi zefilosofi zakamuva, kuhlanganise noPlato noAristotle.

UPythagoras wasungula umphakathi wezenkolo nefilosofi owaziwa ngokuthi iSikole sePythagorean. Amalungu alesi sikole alandela iziqondiso eziqinile zokuziphatha futhi alandela indlela yokuphila enesizotha eyayigcizelela ukuhlanzeka komzimba nengqondo. Babedla imifino, bekholelwa ekushintsheni kwemiphefumulo (ukuphindukuzalwa), futhi bengawudli ubhontshisi, ababewubheka njengongcwele. AbakwaPythagoraan bayaziwa nangokuhlala komphakathi kanye nempahla ehlanganyelwe, efana nesimiso sezindela.

Omunye wemibono edume kakhulu yefilosofi kaPythagoras kwakuyimfundiso yakhe yokungafi komphefumulo nokuphindukuzalwa. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo uphila phakade futhi thinant ngomjikelezo wokuzalwa kabusha. Lo mbono, owaziwa ngokuthi iasmetempsychosis, wawusikisela ukuthi umphefumulo ungase ubuyiselwe esimweni somuntu nesilwane. AbasePythagoras babekholelwa ukuthi ekugcineni umphefumulo ungafinyelela ukucwengwa nobunye noNkulunkulu ngokuphila ukuphila okuhle.

Lo mqondo waba nomthelela ezikoleni zefilosofi zakamuva, ezihlanganisa iPlatonismandNeoplatonism, nayo eyagcizelela ukungafi komphefumulo nokuphishekela iqiniso eliphezulu elingokomoya.

Imibono yefilosofi kaPythagoras yaba nomthelela omkhulu kuPlato, omunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinkulu emlandweni waseNtshonalanga. UPlato wayekuthanda ukugcizelela kwePythagorean kwezibalo kanye nomqondo wokuthi iqiniso lingaqondwa ngezimiso ezingaqondakali. Ithiyori kaPlato yamafomu, ebeka ukuthi amafomu abstract okungezona ezibonakalayo amelela iqiniso eliphakeme kakhulu neliyisisekelo, libonisa umcabango wePythagorean. Enkulumweni kaPlato iTimaeus, umthelela wecosmology yePythagorean ubonakala ikakhulukazi encazelweni yendawo yonke njengoba ihlelwa ngezimiso zezibalo.

Ithonya likaPythagoras kufilosofi alikhawulelwe esikhathini sakhe; imibono yakhe ngezinombolo, indawo yonke, kanye nomphefumulo yaqhubeka nokulolonga umcabango wefilosofi emakhulwini eminyaka alandela.

4. IMysticism kanye Nomcabango Wezenkolo

Pythagoras naye waduma ngeqhaza lakhe njengoamystic nomholi wezenkolo. Isikole sePythagorean sihlanganise izici zezibalo, ifilosofi, kanye nemfihlakalo zibe umbono wezwe ohlangene. Le nhlanganisela yemicabango yesayensi nezinkolelo zenkolo yenza uPythagoras waba umuntu oyingqayizivele emhlabeni wasendulo.

Inkolelo kaPythagoras esimweni esingaqondakali sezinombolo yayihambisana nemibono yakhe yenkolo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi izinombolo zinokubaluleka kwaphezulu futhi zingaveza amaqiniso afihliwe ngendawo yonke. AmaPythagorean abuye ahlobanisa izinombolo nezimfanelo ezithile, izakhi, nonkulunkulu. Isibonelo, inombolo yeshumi yayibhekwa njengenombolo ephelele kakhulu ngoba yayiyisamba sezinombolo ezine zokuqala (1 2 3 4 = 10), ababekholelwa ukuthi imelela ingqikithi yobukhona.

Izici ezingaqondakali zomcabango kaPythagorean zakhanga ukunyakaza kwezenkolo nefilosofi yakamuva, ikakhulukazi iNeoplatonism, eyayigcizelela ubunye bobunkulunkulu nesakhiwo sezibalo secosmos.

AmaPythagoraan asungula inhlobonhlobo yemikhuba yenkolo nemikhuba eyayibonisa izinkolelo zabo zefilosofi. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukuzindla kwansuku zonke, imikhosi yokuhlanza, nokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu, njengethetetractys, isibalo esingunxantathu esakhiwa amaphuzu ayishumi ahlelwe ngemigqa emine. Amatetracty ayebhekwa njengophawu olungcwele olumelela ukuzwana nokuhleleka kwendawo yonke.

Izici zenkolo zefilosofi kaPythagoras, ikakhulukazi inkolelo yakhe yokungafi komphefumulo nokubaluleka kokucwengwa, zahambisana namasiko amaningi angokomoya akamuva.

5. Ifa likaPythagoras

Ithonya likaPythagoras kwizibalo, ifilosofi, nenkolo likhulu kakhulu. Imibono yakhe yakha isisekelo somlando omningi wobuhlakani baseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezibalo kanye nemetaphysics. Ukugcizelela kukaPythagorean izinombolo njengesihluthulelo sokuqonda indawo yonke kwabeka isisekelo sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kusayensi, izibalo, nefilosofi.

Ukutholwa kukaPythagoras kwezibalo kanye nemibono yefilosofi kwagxilwa emsebenzini wochwepheshe bezibalo bakamuva, izazi zefilosofi nososayensi. Ithonya lakhe lingabonakala ekuthuthukisweni kwejometri yeEuclidean, esekelwe ezimisweni ezifana nalezo ezasungulwa uPythagoras nabalandeli bakhe. Umqondo wokuvumelana kwezibalo uphinde waba nomthelela uJohannes KeplerandIsaac Newton, owafuna ukuchaza indawo yonke ngokwemithetho yezibalo.

Ezikhathini zamanje, uPythagoras ukhunjulwa njengengqalabutho ekuthuthukisweni kwefilosofi yezibalo. Ukukholelwa kwakhe emandleni ezinombolo okuchaza indawo yonke kwafanekisela ukukhula komcabango wesimanje wesayensi, oncike kwizibalo njengolimi lwendalo. Imibono yakhe mayelana nokuhlobana kwazo zonke izinto, ukuvumelana kwendawo yonke, nokuphishekela ulwazi ngokusebenzisa ukucabanga okungaqondakali iyaqhubeka ikhuthaza ososayensi, izazi zezibalo, nezazi zefilosofi namuhla.

Ithonya Elibanzi KaPythagoras: Izibalo, IMysticism, kanye Nefilosofi

UPythagoras waseSamos uvame ukuthathwa njengomunye wabantu abayinqaba kakhulu emlandweni waseNtshonalanga. Igama lakhe alinakuhlukaniswa neTheorem edumile yePythagorean, kodwa ithonya lakhe lidlulela emikhakheni eminingana ehlukahlukene njengezibalo, ifilosofi, inkolo, isayensi, ngisho nezombusazwe. UPythagoras wayephila ekhulwini lesi6 BCE, isikhathi lapho amasiko ongqondongqondo ayeseqala ukwakheka eGrisi lasendulo. Umsebenzi wakhe kanye nemibono yakhe kwashiya umonakalo ongenakucimekak ngesiko lobuhlakani baseNtshonalanga. Ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani uPythagoras aduma kangaka, kumelwe sihlole ububanzi bethonya lakhe kuzo zonke lezi zindawo ezihlukahlukene, futhi sihlole ukuthi izimfundiso zakhe zavela kanjani zaba isikole somcabango esahlala isikhathi eside ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

1. IPythagoras kanye Nomqondo Weqiniso Lezibalo

UPythagoras ucashunwe ngokudumile ethi, Konke kuyinombolo. La mazwi alula akhohlisayo ahlanganisa inkolelo yakhe ekubalweni okuvelele ekuchazeni indalo. KuPythagoras, izinombolo zazingewona nje amathuluzi okubala noma okulinganisa; ayeyisisekelo sangempela ngokwaso. Yena nabalandeli bakhe bafuna ukwembula ubudlelwano bezibalo obuyisisekelo sazo zonke izigigaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumculo, isayensi yezinkanyezi, ngisho nezimiso zokuziphatha.

Omunye wemibono kaPythagoras oyinguquko kakhulu kwaba ukutholakala kwakhe kobudlelwane phakathi kwezinombolo nokuvumelana komculo. Ngokwenganekwane, uPythagoras waphawula ukuthi izintambo ezinobude obuhlukene zazikhipha imisindo evumelanayo lapho zikhishwa, futhi wafuna ukuchaza lesi simo ngezibalo. Uthole ukuthi izikhawu zomculo ezivumelanayo zingavezwa njengezilinganiso ezilula zezinombolo eziphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ioctave ekahle ingase imelelwe isilinganiso esingu2:1, ingxenye yesihlanu ephelele ngesilinganiso esingu3:2, kanye neyesine ephelele ngesilinganiso esingu4:3.

Lokhu kutholakele kube nemithelela ejulile ekubukeni komhlaba kukaPythagoras. Uma ubuhle nokuhleleka komculo bekungachazwa ngezinombolo, uPythagoras wacabanga, khonake mhlawumbe indawo yonke ingachazwa ngezibalo. Lo mbono wabeka isisekelo salokho kamuva okwaziwa ngokuthi “Ukuvumelana Kwezimbulunga”—inkolelo yokuthi amaplanethi nezinkanyezi zazihamba ngokuvumelana nemithetho yezibalo futhi zikhiqize uhlobo lomculo wasezulwini, ongezwakali ezindlebeni zomuntu kodwa nokho ongokoqobo. Nakuba lo mqondo ungase ubonakale uyimfihlakalo ezindlebeni zanamuhla, ubumele isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezifundo zezinkanyezi kanye nefiziksi efuna ukuchaza izenzakalo zemvelo ngezimiso zezibalo.

UPythagoras nabalandeli bakhe bathathe umqondo wezinombolo zangempela ngokunikeza incazelo engokomfanekiso enombolweni ngayinye. Babekholelwa ukuthi izinombolo ziyizinhlobo zakudala ezazimelela izimiso eziyisisekelo endaweni yonke. Isibonelo, inombolo eyodwa ifanekisela ubunye kanye nomsuka wazo zonke izinto, kuyilapho inombolo yesibili imelela ukuhlukahluka nokuphikiswa. Inombolo yesithathu ibonakale ihlanganisa ukuvumelana nokulinganisela, njengoba ihlanganisa izimfanelo zakho kokubili kokukodwa nokubili. Ngokufanayo, amanumberfourwas ahlotshaniswa nokuzinza, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ahambisana nezakhi ezine (umhlaba, umoya, umlilo, namanzi) kanye nezikhombisindlela ezine eziyinhloko.

Inombolo ehlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaPythagoreans imosha, ababeyibheka njengenombolo ephelele. Le nkolelo yayisukela eqinisweni lokuthi ishumi liyisamba sezinombolo ezine zokuqala (1 2 3 4 = 10), futhi lezi zinombolo zingahlelwa ngendlela yamaatetractys—isibalo esingunxantathu esinamaphuzu ayishumi ahlelwe ngezine. imigqa. Amatetracty afanekisela ubunye becosmos futhi ayebhekwa njengento engcwele amaPythagoreans.

Lokhu kubhula ngezinombolo okuyimfihlakalo kuyisibonelo sakuqala sendlela izibalo nefilosofi kwakuhlanganiswe ngayo emcabangweni kaPythagoras. Iphinde yaba nomthelela waphakade emasikweni efilosofi akamuva, ikakhulukazi iPlatonismandNeoplatonism, womabili ayefuna ukuqonda umhlaba ngezimiso ezingabonakali, ezingezona izinto ezibonakalayo.

2. Isikole sePythagorean kanye Nomphumela Waso Kufilosofi

UPythagoras akazange nje athuthukise imibono yakhe yedwa. Wasungula isikole nomphakathi wenkolo eCroton, ikoloni lamaGreki eningizimu yeItaly, lapho abalandeli bakhe, abaziwa ngokuthi amaPythagoras, bafunda khona izimfundiso zakhe futhi bephila ngokuvumelana nemithetho yakhe yokuziphatha. Isikole sasePythagorean sasihlukile ngoba sasihlanganisa izici zezibalo, ifilosofi, nenkolo zaba isimiso sokucabanga esisodwa esihambisanayo.

Umphakathi wasePythagoras kwakungewona nje umphakathi wezihlakaniphi; kwakuyindlela yokuphila. Amalungu obuzalwane basePythagoras abambelela emithethweni eqinile yokuziphatha, kuhlanganise nezifungo zokuthula, ukudla imifino, kanye nomkhuba wokuphila komphakathi. Babekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu nesiyalo sokuziphatha kwakudingeka ukuze siqonde isimo saphezulu seqiniso.

AmaPythagoras nawo ayenenhlonipho efana nenkolo ngezinombolo namafomu ejiyomethri. Ayekholelwa ukuthi ngokufunda izibalo negeometry, ayengakwazi ukuhlanza izingqondo nemiphefumulo yawo, kanjalo azuze ukuqonda okujulile komkhathi. Le nhlanganisela yemfihlakalo kanye nombuzo onengqondo bekungenye yezici ezihluke kakhulu zesikole sasePythagorean.

UPythagoras udume futhi ngezimfundiso zakhe mayelana nesouland ubudlelwano bayo nomzimba. Wayekholelwa emfundisweni yemetempsychosis, noma ukufuduka komphefumulo, okuyintobabekholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo awufi futhi wawuyozalwa kabusha emizimbeni ehlukene phakathi nokuphila okuningi. Le nkolelo yayiwumgogodla wendlela yokuphila yamaPythagorean, njengoba babebona ukucwengwa komphefumulo njengomgomo oyinhloko wokuphila komuntu. NgokukaPythagoras, umphefumulo ungacwengwa ngokucabangisisa ngefilosofi, ukuziphatha okuhle, nokutadisha izibalo nomculo.

Umqondo wokufuduka kwemiphefumulo waba nethonya elikhulu ezihlakaniphi zakamuva zamaGreki, ikakhulukazi uPlato, owafaka inguqulo elungisiwe yale mfundiso kufilosofi yakhe. Inganekwane kaPlato edumile kaEr, lapho imiphefumulo izalwa kabusha ibe imizimba emisha esekelwe ezenzweni zayo ekuphileni kwangaphambili, ifana kakhulu nezimfundiso zikaPythagorean.

Ithonya lefilosofi kaPythagoras mhlawumbe libonakala kakhulu emisebenzini kaPlato. Nakuba uPlato waphila iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ngemva kukaPythagoras, wathonywa ngokujulile ukugcizelela kukaPythagorean kwezibalo kanye nenkolelo yokuthi izimiso ezingabonakali zingachaza ubunjalo beqiniso. Inkhulumomphendvulwano kaInPlato ethi Timaeus,isakhiwo somkhathi sichazwa ngamagama ezibalo acacile, futhi umqondo wokuthi indawo yonke ibuswa ukuvumelana kwezinombolo iwumgogodla wecosmology yengxoxo.

Ithiyori kaPlato yeForms, ebeka ukuthi umhlaba obonakalayo umane uyisithunzi seqiniso eliphezulu, elingaphatheki, lingaphinda libonakale njengokuthuthukiswa kwemibono yePythagorean. Njengoba nje uPythagoras ayekholelwa ukuthi izinombolo kanye namafomu ejiyomethri kwakuwumongo weqiniso weqiniso, uPlato waphikisa ngokuthi Amafomu—imibono engacacile, ephelele—ayeyizinto ezingokoqobo ezingokoqobo, kuyilapho umhlaba wezinto ezibonakalayo wawuwukulingisa okuyiphutha nje kwale mibono.

Ithonya likaPythagoras aligcinanga ngoPlato. AmaNeoplatonists, iqembu lezazi zefilosofi elachuma ekupheleni koMbuso WaseRoma, nawo asebenzisa kakhulu imibono kaPythagoras. UPlotinus, umsunguli weNeoplatonism, wayekholelwa ukuthi indawo yonke yahlelwa ngokohlelo lwezigaba ezihlukene zokuvela, ngombono Oyedwa(umqondo kaPythagoras) phezulu. Lo mbono ufanekisela inkolelo yamaPythagorean ebunyeni bezinto zonke kanye nendima eyinhloko yezinombolo ekuchazeni ukwakheka kwendawo yonke.

3. IPythagoras neSayensi: Izisekelo Zomcabango Wesimanje

Ithonya likaPythagoras liyabonakala nasekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi. Inkolelo yakhe yokuthi indawo yonke ingaqondwa ngezinombolo nangobudlelwano bezibalo yabeka isisekelo senguquko yesayensi yekhulu le17. Nakuba uPythagoras waphila iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphambi kososayensi abafana noIsaac NewtonandJohannes Kepler, imibono yakhe mayelana nokuvumelana kwezibalo nokwakheka kwendawo yonke yayilindele ukutholwa yilaba bacabangi bakamuva.

Umbono wePythagorean wokuthi icosmos ibuswa imithetho yezibalo ube nomthelela oqondile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi yezinkanyezi. Umqondo weHarmony of the Spheres waphefumulela izazi zezinkanyezi zakamuva ukuthi zifune izincazelo zezibalo zokunyakaza kwezindikimba zasemkhathini. Nakuba uPythagoras engazange akhe imodeli enemininingwane yesimiso sonozungezilanga, inkolelo yakhe yokuthi amaplanethi ahamba ngokuvumelana nezimiso zezibalo yayisandulela somsebenzi kaNicolaus Copernicus, uGalileo Galilei, noJohannes Kepler.

UKepler, ikakhulukazi, wayethonywe ngokujulile imibono yePythagorean. Encwadini yakhe ethi Harmonices Mundi(IHarmony of the World), uKepler wagomela ngokuthi amaplanethi ahamba emizileni eyielliptical nokuthi ukunyakaza kwawo kungachazwa ngemithetho yezibalo. Wasebenzisa ngokucacile umbono kaPythagorean wokuvumelana kwendawo yonke, ebhala ukuthi “ukunyakaza kwamazulu akulutho ngaphandle kweculo eliqhubekayo lamazwi amaningana.”

Ukugcizelela kukaPythagoras ukubaluleka kwezinombolo nezibalo njengesihluthulelo sokuqonda indawo yonke sekube ngeminye yezimiso eziyisisekelo zesayensi yesimanje. Namuhla, ososayensi basebenzisa amamodeli ezibalo ukuchaza yonke into kusukela ekuziphatheni kwezinhlayiya zesubatomic kuya ekwakhekeni kwendawo yonke. Inkolelo yokuthi imvelo ingaqondwa ngemithetho yezibalo iyifa eliqondile lomcabango wePythagorean.

4. IPythagoras neMysticism: Ukuvala Igebe Phakathi Kwezwe Lenyama Nelomoya

Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu zefa likaPythagoras indlela ahlanganisa ngayo ukucabanga okungaqondakali nemysticism. KuPythagoras, ukuphishekela ulwazi kwakungeyona nje into yokuhlakanipha; kwakuyindlela eya ekukhanyiselweni okungokomoya. Izimfundiso zakhe zazifuna ukuvala igebe phakathi kwezwe lenyama nendawo kamoya, futhi ithonya lakhe emasikweni enkolo akamuva nangokwezimfihlakalo alinakuphikwa.

Enye yezimfundiso eziyinhloko zomcabango kaPythagorean kwakuyimfundiso yemetempsychosis, noma ukufuduka komphefumulo. NgokukaPythagoras, umphefumulo wawungafi futhi wawuyokufazalwa kabusha emizimbeni eyahlukene phakathi nokuphila okuningi. Le nkolelo yayinemithelela ejulile yokuziphatha nengokomoya, njengoba yayiphakamisa ukuthi zonke izenzo zalokhu kuphila zinemiphumela yokuphindukuzalwa okuzayo.

Izimfundiso zikaPythagoras ngomphefumulo zaziyimfihlakalo ngokujulile, kodwa futhi zinengxenye enengqondo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo, njengomzimba, wawungaphansi kwemithetho yemvelo, nokuthi ukuhlanzeka okungokomoya kungafinyelelwa ngokutadisha izibalo, umculo, nefilosofi. Ngokuphila impilo elungile futhi ehileleke ekuphishekeleni ukuhlakanipha, ekugcineni umuntu angafinyelela ubunye noNkulunkulu.

Lo mbono oyimfihlakalo womphefumulo ube nomthelela omkhulu emasikweni enkolo akamuva, okuhlanganisa imfundiso kaPlato, iNeoplatonism, kanye nobuKristu bakuqala. Inganekwane kaPlato kaEr, lapho imiphefumulo yabafileyo yahlulelwa khona futhi iphinde izalwe kabusha noma ithunyelwe emvuzweni waphakade noma isijeziso, ibonisa imibono kaPythagorean mayelana nokuphila ngemva kokufa nokubaluleka kokuziphatha okuhle.

Inkolelo kaPythagoras emandleni angaqondakali ezinombolo namafomu ejiyomethri ingenye yezici ezihlala njalo zefa lakhe. Wayekholelwa ukuthi izinombolo zinokubaluleka kwaphezulu nokuthi zingaveza amaqiniso afihliwe ngendawo yonke. Le nkolelo yaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwenumerology, isifundo sencazelo engokomfanekiso yezinombolo.

Olunye lwezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu emcabangweni wePythagorean kwakuyithetetractys, ukuhlelwa kukanxantathu wamachashazi ayishumi amele ukuvumelana nobunye bendawo yonke. Itetractys yayibhekwa njengengcwele ngabakwaPythagoreans, futhi babekholelwa ukuthi ibambe isihluthulelo sokuqonda isakhiwo seqiniso. AbakwaPythagoras babekholelwa nokuthi izimo ezithile zejiyomethri, njengecircleand thetriangle, zazinokubaluleka okukhethekile okungokomoya.

Le ndlela engaqondakali yezibalo nejiyomethri ibe nomthelela ohlala njalo emasikweni akamuva enkolo nawefilosofi, ikakhulukazi iNeoplatonism. AmaNeoplatonists, njengamaPythagoras, ayekholelwa ukuthi umhlaba wenyama wawuwukubonakaliswa kweqiniso eliphezulu, elingelona izinto ezibonakalayo, nokuthi ukutadisha izinombolo nezindlela zejiyomethri kungasiza umuntu azuze ukukhanyiselwa ngokomoya.

Inhlanganisela kaPythagoras yefilosofi, imfihlakalo, nenkolo yaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkolo eziyimfihlakalo eGrisi naseRoma lasendulo. Lawa mahlelo enkolo, ahlanganisa iEleusinian Mysteries kanye neOrphic Mysteries, anikezela ngolwazi oluyimfihlo mayelana nemvelo yendawo yonke kanye nokuphila kwangemva kokufa. NjengamaPythagorean, izinkolo eziyimfihlakalo zazigcizelela ukungafi komphefumulo nokubaluleka kokuhlanzeka okungokomoya.

Imikhuba eminingi nezimpawu ezisetshenziswa ezinkolweni eziyimfihlakalo zazifana nalezo zesikole sasePythagoras. Ngokwesibonelo, iOrphic Mysteries, eyayisekelwe enganekwaneni kaOrpheus nohambo lwakhe lokuya endaweni engaphansi, yahlanganyela inkolelo kaPythagoras yokuthuthela kwenye indawo imiphefumulo nokubaluleka kokuphila ukuphila okuhle.

Ithonya lomcabango kaPythagorean ezinkolweni eziyimfihlakalo lasiza ekulolongeni intuthuko yemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu yakuqala, ikakhulukazi ekugcizeleleni kwayo ukungafi komphefumulo, ithuba lovuko, nesidingo sokuphila okunokuziphatha okuhle. Imfundiso yobuKristu yokuvuswa komzimba, ngokwesibonelo, inokunanela kwezimfundiso zikaPythagorean mayelana nohambo lomphefumulo phakathi nokuphila izikhathi eziningi.

5. Ifa likaPythagoras Emcabangweni WaseNtshonalanga

Imibono kaPythagoras ishiye uphawu olungacimeki kufilosofi, isayensi, nenkolo yaseNtshonalanga, ithonya ongqondongqondo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuya esikhathini samanje. Izinto azitholile ngezibalo, izimfundiso zefilosofi, nezinkolelo ezingaqondakali ziye zahlanganiswa nenqwaba yamasiko ongqondongqondo, okumenza abe ngomunye wabantu abanethonya elikhulu emlandweni.

Ithonya likaPythagoras lavuselelwa phakathi neRenaissance, isikhathi esivuselelwe intshisekelo ekuhlakanipheni kwakudala kweGrisi neRoma lasendulo. Izazi zeRenaissance, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlotshaniswa neNeoplatonismmandhumanism, zakhangwa inkolelo kaPythagoras yokuvumelana kwendawo yonke kanye nendima yezibalo ekuchazeni umhlaba wemvelo.

Ukuthakasela kweRenaissance ngegeometry engcwele, isibonelo, kungalandelelwa emuva emibonweni yePythagorean mayelana nencazelo engokomfanekiso yamafomu ejometri. Abaculi abafana noLeonardo da Vinci kanye noMichelangelo bahlanganisa izimiso zePythagorean zokulinganisa nokulinganisa emsebenzini wabo, bekholelwa ukuthi lobu budlelwano bezibalo bubonisa ukuhleleka kobunkulunkulu bomkhathi.

Ithonya likaPythagoras kumcabango weRenaissance liphinde lanwetshwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezilinganiso zezibalo ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezibukeka kahle, izilinganiso zeasharmonic ezaziwa, kwakuyisimiso esiyinhloko sokwakhiwa kweRenaissance. Lo mbono, ongalandelelwa emuva esifundweni sikaPythagoras sokuvumelana komculo, ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinezimpawu ezifana noSt. Peter's Basilicain Rome.

Inkolelo kaPythagoras ebukhulu bezibalo njengendlela yokuqonda indawo yonke yabeka isisekelo sentuthuko eminingi yesimanje yesayensi. Umbono wakhe wokuthi imvelo ingachazwa ngemithetho yezibalo wawulindele umsebenzi wososayensi bakamuva abanjengoIsaac Newton, uAlbert Einstein, noStephen Hawking.

Ukugcizelela kwePythagorean ezinombolweni namafomu ejiyomethri njengezisekelo zokwakha izinto ezingokoqobo nakho kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezibalo zesimanjemanje kanye nephysics. Ukutholwa kwezinombolo ezingenangqondo, ucwaningo lwenonEuclidean geometry, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwequantum mechanics konke kungabonakala njengezandiso zomcabango wePythagorean.

Ikakhulukazi, inkolelo yamaPythagoras ebunyeni bezinto zonke iye yavumelana nezazi zesayensi yesimanje, eziye zafuna ukuthuthukisa inkolelombono yakho konke okuchaza imithetho eyisisekelo yendawo yonke. Ukusesha ithiyori ebumbene engabuyisanisa ukuhlobana okujwayelekile kanye nequantum mechanicsis, ngezindlela eziningi, ukuqhubeka kwePythagorean quest yokuqonda ukuvumelana kwecosmos.

Isiphetho

Udumo lukaPythagoras kanye nethonya elihlala njalo lisekelwe ububanzi obumangalisayo bemisebenzi yakhe yobuhlakani. Kusukela ezinzuzweni zakhe zezibalo, ikakhulukazi iTheorem yePythagorean, kuya emibuzweni yakhe ejulile yefilosofi mayelana nemvelo yomphefumulo, indawo yonke, nokuphila kokuziphatha, imibono kaPythagoras iye yalolongela inkambo yomcabango waseNtshonalanga iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Ukukholelwa kwakhe emandleni ezinombolo ukuze embule ukwakheka okucashile kwendawo yonke, kuhlangene nezimfundiso zakhe ezingaqondakali mayelana nomphefumulo nokuphila ngemva kokufa, kwashiya uphawu olungenakucimeka kufilosofi, inkolo, isayensi, nezobuciko.

Iminikelo kaPythagoras kwizibalo yabeka isisekelo samakhulu eminyaka okutholwa kwesayensi, kuyilapho izimfundiso zakhe zokuziphatha zaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwefilosofi yokuziphatha emhlabeni wasendulo nesimanje. Inhlanganisela yakhe eyingqayizivele yophenyo olunengqondo kanye nokuqonda okungaqondakali kwakhuthaza izazi zefilosofi zakamuva, ezihlanganisa uPlato, uAristotle, kanye neNeoplatonists, futhi imibono yakhe iyaqhubeka nokuhambisana nongqondongqondo besimanje emikhakheni esukela kuquantum physics kuya kuthiyori yokuziphatha.

Ekugcineni, uPythagoras wayengadumanga nje kuphela ngalokho akuthola kodwa nangendlela ayecabanga ngayo: wayekholelwa ukuthi indawo yonke iyinto evumelanayo, ehlangene, nokuthi ukuphishekela ulwazi kwakuyindlela yokuzuza kokubili ukuqonda okungokwengqondo nokukhanyiselwa ngokomoya. Yilo mbono odidiyelwe wokuphila, isayensi, kanye nengokomoya okwenze uPythagoras waba omunye wabantu abanethonya kakhulu futhi ohlala njalo emlandweni womcabango waseNtshonalanga. Ifa lakhe, elikude nokuba livalelwe ezweni lasendulo, liyaqhubeka nokusikhuthaza futhi lisibekele inselelo yokuhlola izimfihlakalo zendawo yonke kanye nokujula komphefumulo womuntu.