Pythagoras na Samos, masanin Falsafa kuma masanin lissafi na Girka, yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a tarihin tsohuwar Girka, kuma sunansa ya sake bayyana a tsawon ƙarni. An fi saninsa da ka'idar Pythagorean, ƙa'ida ta asali a cikin lissafi. Koyaya, shaharar Pythagoras ta wuce wannan ka'idar. Tasirinsa ya shafi falsafa, lissafi, sufi, da kimiyya. Hanyarsa ta musamman ta fahimtar sararin samaniya ta hanyar lambobi, jituwa, da tsarin gaskiya sun tsara yawancin tunanin Yammacin Turai kuma sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga fannonin ilimi da yawa.

Wannan labarin zai bincika dalilin da ya sa Pythagoras ya shahara, da faɗin gudummawar da ya bayar, da tasirinsa a fagage dabandaban, da kuma madawwamin gadon da ya bari.

1. Ka'idar Pythagorean: Matsayin Mathematical Milestone

Pythagoras ya fi shahara ga ka'idar da ke ɗauke da sunansa: Theorem Theorem. Wannan ka'ida ta geometric ta bayyana cewa a cikin madaidaicin kusurwar dama, murabba'in tsayin hypotenuse (gefen da ke gaban kusurwar dama) daidai yake da jimlar murabba'in sauran bangarorin biyu. A alamance, ana iya bayyana wannan kamar:

a² b² = c²

Inda kuma nuna tsayin gajerun ɓangarorin biyu, da tsayin hypotenuse. Ko da yake shaidu sun nuna cewa al'ummomin farko kamar Babila da Masarawa sun san wannan ka'idar, amma Pythagoras an lasafta shi da kasancewa farkon wanda ya tabbatar da shi a hukumance, ko kuma aƙalla don haɓaka ƙa'idodin geometric da ke ƙarƙashinsa.

Ka'idar Pythagorean ba kawai ra'ayi ba ne kawai; yana da fa'idodi masu fa'ida sosai a fannoni kamar ginegine, injiniyanci, ilmin taurari, da kimiyyar lissafi. Ya kasance ginshiƙin ilimin lissafi, yana kafa ginshiƙi don ƙarin hadaddun ka'idoji.

2. Tasirin Pythagoras akan Lissafi

Pythagoras ya kasance fiye da masanin lissafi kawai wanda ya ba da gudummawar jigon jigon guda ɗaya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara fahimtar ilimin lissafi a matsayin hanyar fahimtar sararin samaniya. Pythagoras da mabiyansa, Pythagoreans, sun yi imanin cewa lambobi ba kayan aiki ne kawai masu amfani don auna duniyar zahiri ba amma har ma da mahimmanci ga wanzuwarta. Wannan ra'ayin ya kafa tushen ci gaban falsafar lissafi daga baya.

2.1. Lambobi da Duniya Pythagoras ya ba da shawarar cewa za a iya bayyana duk abin da ke cikin sararin samaniya ta hanyar lambobi da alaƙar lissafi. Wannan imani shine jigon koyarwarsa ta falsafa. Pythagoreans ma suna kallon lambobi a matsayin suna da ma'anar sufi da ma'ana. Alal misali, lamba ɗaya tana wakiltar haɗin kai da asalin kowane abu, biyu suna nuna bambancin ra'ayi, uku kuma sun tsaya ga jituwa da daidaituwa.

2.2. Gano Lambobin Rashin Hankali Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki amma masu ban sha'awa da aka danganta ga makarantar Pythagoras shine kasancewar lambobi marasa fahimtalambobi waɗanda ba za a iya bayyana su azaman rabo mai sauƙi na lamba biyu ba. Fahimtar cewa tushen murabba'in biyu, alal misali, ba za a iya wakilta a matsayin juzu'i ba babban girgiza ne ga Pythagoreans. A baya sun yi imani cewa duk lambobi suna da ma'ana kuma ana iya wakilta su azaman rabo. Wannan binciken ya ƙalubalanci ra'ayinsu na duniya amma kuma ya tura iyakokin lissafi.

2.3. Jituwa na Dabarun Pythagoras ya fadada fahimtarsa ​​ta lambobi zuwa sama tare da ra'ayin Harmony of the Spheres. Ya yi imani cewa taurari da taurari suna tafiya bisa ga ma'auni na lissafi, suna samar da nau'i na jituwa na sararin samaniya. Wannan ra'ayi ya kafa tushen ci gaba na gaba a ilimin taurari da sararin samaniya. Ko da yake kaɗa na sassa ba na zahiri ba ne, hangen nesa na Pythagoras na sararin samaniya da aka ba da umarnin lissafi ya kasance maƙasudi ga ci gaban ra'ayi na kimiyya daga baya, wanda ke neman bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na halitta ta hanyar dokokin lissafi.

3. Gudunmawar Pythagoras ga Falsafa

Shahararriyar Pythagoras ta wuce ilimin lissafi. Ya kuma kasance jigo a fagen bunkasa falsafar yammacin duniya. Gudunmawarsa ta taimaka wajen tsara tunanin masana falsafa na baya, ciki har da Plato da Aristotle.

3.1. Hanyar Rayuwa ta Pythagorean Pythagoras ya kafa wata al'umma ta addini da falsafa da aka sani da Makarantar Pythagorean. Membobin wannan makarantar sun bi tsauraran ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a kuma suna bin salon rayuwa mai ladabi wanda ke jaddada tsaftar jiki da tunani. Sun kasance masu cin ganyayyaki, sun yi imani da jujjuyawar rayuka (reincarnation), kuma sun kaurace wa cin wake, wanda suke ɗauka mai tsarki. Pythagoreans kuma an san su da zaman jama'a da dukiya, kama da tsarin zuhudu.

3.2. Koyarwar Rai Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ra'ayoyin falsafar Pythagoras shine koyarwarsa na rashin mutuwa da sake reincarnation. Ya gaskata cewa kurwa ta kasance madawwami kuma munt ta hanyar zagayowar sake haifuwa. Wannan ra'ayin, wanda aka sani da asmetempsychosis, ya nuna cewa za a iya sake haifar da ruhu a cikin nau'i na mutum da na dabba. Pythagoreans sun gaskata cewa rai zai iya samun tsarkakewa da haɗin kai tare da allahntaka ta wurin rayuwa mai nagarta.

Wannan ra'ayi ya rinjayi makarantun falsafa na baya, gami da Platonism da Neoplatonism, wanda kuma ya jaddada rashin mutuwa na rai da kuma neman gaskiyar ruhaniya mafi girma.

3.3. Tasiri kan Plato da Tunanin Yamma Ra'ayoyin falsafar Pythagoras sun yi tasiri sosai a kan Plato, ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana falsafa a tarihin Yamma. Plato ya yaba da fifikon Pythagorean akan lissafi da kuma ra'ayin cewa ana iya fahimtar gaskiya ta hanyar ƙa'idodi. Ka'idar sifofi ta Plato, wacce ta nuna cewa sifofin da ba na kayan abu ba suna wakiltar mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmancin gaskiya, yana nuna tunanin Pythagorean. A cikin tattaunawar PlatoTimaeus, tasirin Pythagorean cosmology ya bayyana musamman a cikin bayanin sararin samaniya kamar yadda ka'idodin lissafi ke ba da umarni.

Tasirin Pythagoras akan falsafa don haka bai iyakance ga lokacinsa ba; ra'ayinsa game da lambobi, sararin samaniya, da ruhi sun ci gaba da tsara tunanin falsafa tsawon ƙarni masu zuwa.

4. Sufanci da Tunanin Addini

Pythagoras kuma ya shahara da matsayinsa na amystic da shugaban addini. Makarantar Pythagorean ta haɗa abubuwa na lissafi, falsafa, da sufanci zuwa ra'ayi na duniya. Wannan cakuda tunanin kimiyya da imani na addini ya sa Pythagoras ya zama mutum na musamman a duniyar da.

4.1. Pythagoras da Sufanci Imani da Pythagoras game da yanayin sufanci na lambobi ya tafi tare da ra'ayin addininsa. Ya gaskata cewa lambobi suna da ma’anar Allah kuma suna iya bayyana ɓoyayyun gaskiya game da sararin samaniya. Pythagoreans kuma sun haɗa lambobi tare da takamaiman halaye, abubuwa, da alloli. Misali, an dauki lamba goma a matsayin lamba mafi kamala domin ita ce jimlar lambobi hudu na farko (1 2 3 4 = 10), wanda suka yi imani yana wakiltar jimillar wanzuwar.

Abubuwan sufi na tunanin Pythagorean sun yi sha'awar ƙungiyoyin addini da na falsafa daga baya, musamman Neoplatonism, wanda ya jaddada haɗin kai na allahntaka da tsarin lissafi na sararin samaniya.

4.2. Ayyukan Addini da Alama Pythagoreans sun ɓullo da nau'o'in ayyuka na addini da al'adu waɗanda ke nuna imaninsu na falsafa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tunani na yau da kullun, ayyukan tsarkakewa, da kuma amfani da alamomi, kamar su thetetractys, adadi mai kusurwa uku wanda ke da maki goma da aka jera a cikin layuka huɗu. An ga tetractys a matsayin alama mai tsarki da ke wakiltar jituwa da tsari na sararin samaniya.

Bangarorin addini na falsafar Pythagoras, musamman imaninsa ga rashin mutuwa na kurwa da kuma muhimmancin tsarkakewa, sun yi daidai da al'adun ruhi da yawa daga baya.

5. Gadon Pythagoras

Tasirin Pythagoras akan ilimin lissafi, falsafa, da addini yana da yawa. Tunaninsa sun kafa ginshiƙi ga yawancin tarihin hankali na yammacin duniya, musamman a fagen ilimin lissafi da metaphysics. Ƙaddamar da Pythagorean akan lambobi kamar yadda mabuɗin fahimtar sararin samaniya ya kafa tushen ci gaba na gaba a kimiyya, lissafi, da falsafa.

5.1. Tasirin Dawwama akan Lissafi da Kimiyya Binciken ilmin lissafin Pythagoras da ra'ayoyin falsafa sun nutsu a cikin ayyukan masana lissafi, falsafa, da masana kimiyya daga baya. Ana iya ganin tasirinsa a cikin haɓakar ilimin lissafi na Euclidean, wanda ya dogara da ka'idodin kama da waɗanda Pythagoras da mabiyansa suka kafa. Har ila yau, manufar jituwa ta lissafi ta yi tasiri ga Johannes KeplerandIsaac Newton, wanda ya nemi ya kwatanta sararin samaniya ta fuskar dokokin lissafi.

5.2. Pythagoras a Tunanin Zamani A zamanin yau, ana tunawa da Pythagoras a matsayin majagaba wajen haɓaka falsafar ilimin lissafi. Imaninsa game da ikon lambobi don bayyana sararin samaniya ya kwatanta haɓakar tunanin kimiyya na zamani, wanda ya dogara da lissafi a matsayin harshen yanayi. Ra'ayoyinsa game da haɗin kai na kowane abu, jituwar sararin samaniya, da neman ilimi ta hanyar tunani mara kyau na ci gaba da zaburar da masana kimiyya, masu ilimin lissafi, da masana falsafa a yau.

Babban Tasirin Pythagoras: Lissafi, Sufanci, da Falsafa

Ana ɗaukar Pythagoras na Samos a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a tarihin Yamma. Sunansa ba ya rabuwa da sanannen Theorem na Pythagorean, amma tasirinsa ya shafi fannoni dabandaban kamar ilmin lissafi, falsafa, addini, kimiyya, har ma da siyasa. Pythagoras ya rayu a ƙarni na 6 K.Z., lokacin da al’adun haziƙanci suka fara samun tsari a tsohuwar Girka. Ayyukansa da ra'ayoyinsa sun bar marrar da ba za a iya sharewa bak a kan al'adar hankali na Yammacin Turai. Don mu fahimci dalilin da ya sa Pythagoras ya shahara sosai, dole ne mu bincika zurfin tasirinsa a cikin waɗannan fagage dabandaban, tare da bincika yadda koyarwarsa ta samo asali zuwa mazhabar tunani da ta daɗe bayan mutuwarsa.

1. Pythagoras da Ma'anar Gaskiyar Lissafi

An ambaci Pythagoras sananne yana cewa, Duk lamba ne. Wannan magana mai sauƙi ta yaudara ta haɗa imaninsa ga firamare na lissafi wajen bayyana duniyar halitta. Ga Pythagoras, lambobi ba kayan aiki ba ne kawai don ƙidayawa ko aunawa; su ne ainihin tushen gaskiyar kanta. Shi da mabiyansa sun nemi gano alakar lissafi da ke tattare da dukkan al'amura, walau a cikin kida, ilmin taurari, ko ma da'a.

1.1. Harmony na Lissafi da Cosmos Daya daga cikin mafi yawan ra'ayoyin Pythagoras shine bincikensa na alakar lambobi da jituwa ta kiɗa. A cewar almara, Pythagoras ya lura cewa igiyoyi masu tsayi dabandaban suna samar da sauti masu jituwa lokacin da aka tsige su, kuma ya nemi ya bayyana wannan al'amari ta hanyar lissafi. Ya gano cewa za a iya bayyana tazarar kida masu jituwa a matsayin madaidaitan ma'auni na lambobi. Misali, cikakkiyar octave za a iya wakilta ta da rabo 2:1, cikakke na biyar da rabo 3:2, da kuma cikakkiyar na huɗu ta rabo 4:3.

Wannan binciken yana da matuƙar tasiri ga hangen duniya na Pythagoras. Idan za a iya bayyana kyau da tsari na kiɗa ta lambobi, Pythagoras ya yi tunani, to watakila za a iya siffanta dukan sararin samaniya a cikin ma'anar lissafi. Wannan ra'ayin ya kafa tushen abin da daga baya aka fi sani da Harmony of the Spheres imani da cewa taurari da taurari suna tafiya bisa ga dokokin lissafi kuma sun samar da wani nau'i na kiɗa na sararin samaniya, wanda ba zai iya jin kunnen mutum ba amma duk da haka gaske. Yayin da ra'ayin na iya zama kamar sufanci ga kunnuwa na zamani, yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki na haɓaka darussan ilmin taurarin kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda ke neman bayyana al'amuran halitta ta hanyar ka'idodin lissafi.

1.2. Lambobi a matsayin Archetypes Pythagoras da mabiyansa sun ɗauki ra'ayin gaskiyar lambobi har ma da ba da ma'ana ta alama ga lambobi ɗaya. Sun yi imani cewa lambobi su ne archetypes waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙa'idodi masu mahimmanci a cikin sararin samaniya. Misali, lambar ta nuna haɗin kai da asalin kowane abu, yayin da lambar ta nuna bambanci da adawa. An ga lambar ta uku a matsayin ta ƙunshi jituwa da daidaituwa, yayin da ta haɗu da halaye na ɗaya da biyu. Hakazalika, lambar ta huɗu tana da alaƙa da kwanciyar hankali, kamar yadda ake tsammanin ya dace da abubuwa huɗu (ƙasa, iska, wuta, da ruwa) da kuma kwatance huɗu na kadinal.

Lambobin da aka fi girmamawa a cikin Pythagoreans sun ɓace, wanda suka ɗauki cikakkiyar lamba. Wannan imani ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa goma ita ce jimlar lambobi huɗu na farko (1 2 3 4 = 10), kuma ana iya tsara waɗannan lambobi ta hanyar tetractys — adadi mai siffar triangular wanda ya ƙunshi maki goma da aka tsara cikin huɗu. layuka. Tetractys alamar haɗin kai na sararin samaniya kuma Pythagorean suna ɗaukar su a matsayin mai tsarki.

Wannan sufanci numerology misali ne na farko na yadda lissafi da falsafa suka haɗe cikin tunanin Pythagoras. Hakanan yana da tasiri mai ɗorewa a kan al'adun falsafa na baya, musamman Platonism da Neoplatonism, waɗanda dukansu suka nemi fahimtar duniya ta hanyar ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin da ba na zahiri ba.

2. Makarantar Pythagorean da Tasirinsa akan Falsafa

Pythagoras ba kawai ya haɓaka ra'ayoyinsa a ware ba. Ya kafa wata makaranta da al'ummar addini a Croton, wani yankin Girka da ke kudancin Italiya, inda mabiyansa, da ake kira Pythagoreans, suka yi nazarin koyarwarsa kuma suka rayu bisa ga ƙa'idodinsa na ɗabi'a. Makarantar Pythagorean ta kasance ta musamman domin ta haɗa abubuwa na lissafi, falsafa, da addini zuwa tsarin tunani guda ɗaya.

2.1. Yan'uwan Pythagorean Al'ummar Pythagorean ba al'umma ce kawai ta hankali ba; hanya ce ta rayuwa. Membobin ƴan uwantaka na Pythagorean sun bi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a, gami da alƙawarin yin shiru, cin ganyayyaki, da al'adar rayuwar jama'a. Sun yi imani cewa tsaftar mutum da tarbiyyar ɗabi'a sun zama dole don fahimtar yanayin allahntaka na gaskiya.

Pythagoreans suma suna da mutunmutumi na addini ga lambobi da siffofin lissafi. Sun yi imani cewa ta hanyar nazarin ilmin lissafi da lissafi, za su iya tsarkake zukatansu da ruhinsu, ta yadda za su sami zurfin fahimtar sararin samaniya. Wannan hadewar sufanci da bincike na hankali ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun sifofin makarantar Pythagorean.

2.2. Falsafar Ruhi ta Pythagoras Pythagoras kuma ya shahara da koyarwarsa game da thesouland dangantakarta da jiki. Ya gaskanta da koyaswar metempsychosis, ko transmigration na rai, wandasun yi imani da cewa kurwa ba ta mutuwa kuma za a sake reincarnated cikin jikuna dabandaban a tsawon rayuwa dabandaban. Wannan imani ya kasance tsakiyar hanyar rayuwa ta Pythagorean, yayin da suke ganin tsarkakewar rai a matsayin babban burin rayuwar ɗan adam. A cewar Pythagoras, za a iya tsarkake rai ta hanyar tunani na falsafa, ɗabi'a, da kuma nazarin lissafi da kiɗa.

Tunanin jujjuyawar rayuka yana da babban tasiri a kan masana falsafa na Girka daga baya, musamman Plato, wanda ya shigar da fasalin wannan koyaswar a cikin falsafar kansa. Shahararriyar tatsuniya ta Er, wadda a cikinta ake sake haifuwar rayuka zuwa sabbin jiki bisa ga ayyukan da suka yi a rayuwar da ta gabata, tana da kamanceceniya da koyarwar Pythagorean.

2.3. Tasirin Pythagoras akan Plato Tasirin falsafar Pythagoras wataƙila ya fi bayyana a cikin ayyukan Plato. Ko da yake Plato ya rayu fiye da karni daya bayan Pythagoras, ya sami tasiri sosai da girmamawar Pythagorean a kan ilimin lissafi da kuma imani cewa ka'idoji masu banƙyama zasu iya bayyana yanayin gaskiya. InPlato’s dialogue “Timaeus,” tsarin sararin samaniya an bayyana shi a cikin ma’anar lissafi a sarari, kuma ra’ayin cewa sararin duniya ana tafiyar da su ta hanyar jituwa ta lambobi shine tsakiya ga ilimin sararin samaniya na tattaunawa.

Ka'idar Plato na Forms, wanda ya nuna cewa duniyar zahiri ita ce inuwa ce kawai ta mafi girma, gaskiyar da ba ta zahiri ba, kuma ana iya ganinta azaman haɓakar ra'ayoyin Pythagorean. Kamar yadda Pythagoras ya yi imani da cewa lambobi da siffofi na geometric su ne ainihin ainihin gaskiyar, Plato ya yi jayayya cewa Formsabstract, cikakke akidasu ne ainihin gaskiya, yayin da abin duniya ya kasance kawai kuskuren kwaikwayo na waɗannan manufofi.

2.4. Neoplatonism da Tasirin Pythagorean Tasirin Pythagoras bai ƙare da Plato ba. The Neoplatonists, rukuni na masana falsafa da suka yi girma a cikin marigayi Roman Empire, kuma sun zana ra'ayoyin Pythagorean. a saman. Wannan ra'ayi a hankali yana kwatanta imanin Pythagorean game da haɗin kai na kowane abu da kuma babban matsayi na lambobi wajen bayyana tsarin sararin samaniya.

3. Pythagoras da Kimiyya: Tushen Tunanin Zamani

Hakanan tasirin Pythagoras yana bayyana a cikin ci gaban kimiyya. Imaninsa cewa ana iya fahimtar duniya ta hanyar lambobi da alaƙar lissafi ya kafa tushen juyin juya halin kimiyya na ƙarni na 17. Yayin da Pythagoras ya rayu fiye da shekaru dubu biyu kafin masana kimiyya kamar Isaac Newton da Johannes Kepler, ra'ayoyinsa game da jituwar lissafi da tsarin sararin samaniya ya yi tsammanin ganowar waɗannan masu tunani daga baya.

3.1. Tasirin Pythagorean akan Taurari Tunanin Pythagorean cewa sararin samaniya yana ƙarƙashin dokokin lissafi yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga ci gaban ilimin taurari. Manufar Harmony na Spheresin ya yi wahayi zuwa ga masana falaki daga baya don neman bayanin ilimin lissafi don motsin jikunan sama. Duk da yake Pythagoras da kansa bai samar da cikakken samfurin tsarin hasken rana ba, imaninsa cewa taurari suna tafiya bisa ka'idodin ilmin lissafi shine mafarin aikin Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, da John Kepler.

Kepler, musamman, ra'ayoyin Pythagorean sun yi tasiri sosai. A cikin aikinsa Harmonices Mundi (The Harmony of the World), Kepler ya yi jayayya cewa taurari suna motsawa a cikin elliptical orbits kuma ana iya bayyana motsin su ta hanyar dokokin lissafi. Ya zana a sarari a kan ra’ayin Pythagorean na daidaituwar sararin samaniya, yana rubuta cewa “motsin sammai ba komai ba ne sai waƙa mai ci gaba don muryoyi da yawa.”

3.2. Matsayin Lissafi a Kimiyyar Zamani Dagewar Pythagoras a kan fifikon lambobi da lissafi a matsayin mabuɗin fahimtar sararin samaniya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tushen tushen kimiyyar zamani. A yau, masana kimiyya suna amfani da tsarin lissafin lissafi don bayyana komai daga halayen subatomic barbashi zuwa tsarin sararin samaniya. Imani cewa ana iya fahimtar yanayi ta hanyar dokokin lissafi gadon kai tsaye ne na tunanin Pythagorean.

4. Pythagoras da Mysticism: Cike Rata Tsakanin Duniyar Jiki da Ruhaniya

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa na gadon Pythagoras shine yadda ya haɗu da tunani tare da sufi. Ga Pythagoras, neman ilimi ba kawai motsa jiki ba ne; hanya ce zuwa wayewar ruhaniya. Koyarwarsa ta yi ƙoƙarin cike giɓin da ke tsakanin duniyar zahiri da ta ruhaniya, kuma tasirinsa a kan al'adun addini da na sufanci daga baya ba shi da tabbas.

4.1. Juyawar rai Ɗaya daga cikin ka'idodin tsakiyar Pythagorean shine koyarwar metempsychosis, ko ƙaura daga rai. A cewar Pythagoras, kurwa ba ta mutuwa kuma zai yizama reincarnated a jikin dabandaban a kan mahara rayuwa. Wannan imani yana da tasiri mai zurfi na ɗabi'a da na ruhaniya, kamar yadda ya nuna cewa kowane aiki a wannan rayuwar yana da sakamako ga sake reincarnations na gaba.

Koyarwar Pythagoras akan kurwa ta kasance mai zurfin ruhi, amma kuma suna da wani bangare na hankali. Ya yi imani cewa kurwa, kamar jiki, tana ƙarƙashin dokokin halitta, kuma ana iya samun tsarkakewar ruhaniya ta hanyar nazarin lissafi, kiɗa, da falsafa. Ta hanyar yin rayuwa mai nagarta da kuma shagaltuwa cikin neman ilimi, a ƙarshe mutum zai iya samun haɗin kai tare da allahntaka.

Wannan ra'ayi na sufanci na rai ya yi tasiri sosai a kan al'adun addini na baya, gami da Platonism, Neoplatonism, da Kiristanci na farko. Plato’s Myth of Er, wanda a cikinsa ne ake shari’ar rayukan matattu kuma ko dai a sake dawowa ko kuma a aika zuwa ga lada ko hukunci na har abada, yana nuna ra’ayin Pythagorean game da lahira da kuma muhimmancin rayuwa ta ɗabi’a.

4.2. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da Geometry mai tsarki Imani da Pythagoras game da ikon sufanci na lambobi da sifofi na geometric na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke dawwama a cikin gadonsa. Ya gaskata cewa lambobi suna da ma’ana na Allah kuma suna iya bayyana ɓoyayyun gaskiya game da sararin samaniya. Wannan imani ya haifar da haɓaka ilimin lissafi, nazarin ma'anar ma'anar lambobi.

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman alamomi a tunanin Pythagorean shine thetetractys, tsari mai siffar triangular na dige goma wanda ke wakiltar jituwa da haɗin kai na sararin samaniya. Pythagoreans sun ɗauki tetractys a matsayin mai tsarki, kuma sun yi imanin cewa yana riƙe da mabuɗin fahimtar tsarin gaskiya. Pythagoreans kuma sun yi imanin cewa wasu siffofi na geometric, irin su da'irar da'ira, suna da mahimmanci na ruhaniya na musamman.

Wannan tsarin sufanci na ilimin lissafi da lissafi ya yi tasiri mai dorewa a kan al'adun addini da falsafa na baya, musamman Neoplatonism. Masu Neoplatonists, kamar Pythagoreans, sun yi imanin cewa duniya ta zahiri tana nuna wani abu mafi girma, wanda ba na kayan abu ba, kuma nazarin lambobi da siffofi na geometric zai iya taimaka wa mutum ya sami haske na ruhaniya.

4.3. Tasirin Addinai na Sirri Haɗin falsafar Pythagoras, sufanci, da addini suma sun yi tasiri wajen haɓaka addinan jigo na tsohuwar Girka da Roma. Waɗannan guraben ibada, waɗanda suka haɗa da Sirrin Eleusinian da Sirrin Orphic, sun ba da fara ilimin sirri game da yanayin sararin samaniya da kuma lahira. Kamar Pythagoreans, addinan asiri sun jaddada rashin mutuwa na kurwa da kuma muhimmancin tsarkakewa ta ruhaniya.

Yawancin al'adu da alamomin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin addinan asiri sun kasance daidai da na makarantar Pythagorean. Misali, Sirrin Orphic, wadanda suka ginu bisa tatsuniyar Orpheus da kuma tafiyarsa zuwa ga duniya, sun yi tarayya da Pythagoras imani da jujjuyawar rayuka da kuma muhimmancin yin rayuwa mai nagarta.

Tasirin tunanin Pythagorean a kan addinan asiri ya taimaka wajen haifar da ci gaban tauhidin Kiristanci na farko, musamman a cikin nanata ga rashin mutuwa na kurwa, yuwuwar tashin matattu, da kuma bukatar rayuwa ta ɗabi'a. Koyarwar Kirista ta tashin jiki, alal misali, tana da kwatankwacin koyarwar Pythagorean game da tafiyar rai ta tsawon rayuwa da yawa.

5. Gadon Pythagoras a Tunanin Yamma

Ra'ayoyin Pythagoras sun bar tabo maras gogewa a falsafar, kimiyya, da addini na Yammacin Turai, wanda ya rinjayi masu tunani tun daga zamanin da har zuwa zamani. Abubuwan bincikensa na ilmin lissafi, koyarwar falsafa, da imani na sufanci sun haɗa su cikin al'adun ilimi da yawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mafi tasiri a tarihi.

5.1. Pythagoras da Renaissance An sake farfado da tasirin Pythagoras a lokacin Renaissance, lokacin sabunta sha'awa ga hikimar gargajiya ta tsohuwar Girka da Roma. Masana ilimin Renaissance, musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Neoplatonism da Humanism, an jawo su zuwa ga imanin Pythagoras game da jituwar sararin samaniya da kuma rawar da ilimin lissafi ke bayarwa wajen bayyana yanayin duniya.

Sha'awar Renaissance tare da tsattsarkan lissafi, alal misali, ana iya komawa zuwa ra'ayoyin Pythagorean game da ma'anar ma'anar siffofi na geometric. Masu fasaha irin suLeonardo da VinciandMichelangelo sun haɗa ka'idodin Pythagorean na daidaito da daidaito a cikin aikinsu, suna ganin cewa waɗannan alaƙar lissafin suna nuna tsarin Allah na sararin samaniya.

Tasirin Pythagoras akan tunanin Renaissance shima ya kai ga ginegine. Amfani da ma'auni na lissafi don ƙirƙirar ginegine masu daɗi, sanannen ma'aunin asharmonic, shine mabuɗin ka'ida na gineginen Renaissance. Wannan ra'ayin, wanda za'a iya komawa zuwa nazarin Pythagoras na jituwa na kiɗa, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara tsarin ginegine irin su St. Bitrus Basilicain Roma.

5.2. Pythagoras a Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Lissafin Zamani Imani da Pythagoras game da firamare na lissafi a matsayin hanyar fahimtar sararin samaniya ya kafa tushen ci gaban kimiyyar zamani da yawa. Tunaninsa cewa za a iya bayyana duniya ta hanyar dokokin lissafi ya yi tsammanin aikin masana kimiyya daga baya kamar su Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, da Stephen Hawking.

Ƙaddamar da Pythagorean akan lambobi da siffofi na geometric kamar yadda tubalan ginin gaskiya kuma ya yi tasiri ga ci gaban ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar zamani. Gano lambobi marasa ma'ana, nazarin ilimin lissafi ba na Euclidean ba, da haɓaka injiniyoyin ƙira duk ana iya ganin su azaman kari na tunanin Pythagorean.

Musamman ma, imanin Pythagorean game da haɗin kai na kowane abu ya kasance tare da masana kimiyyar lissafi na zamani, waɗanda suka nemi haɓaka ka'idar duk abin da ke bayyana ainihin dokokin duniya. Neman ƙa'idar gamayya wacce za ta iya daidaita dangantakar gama gari da injiniyoyi, ta hanyoyi da yawa, ci gaba da neman Pythagorean don fahimtar jituwar sararin samaniya.

Kammalawa

Shaharar da Pythagoras ke da shi da kuma tasirinsa mai dorewa sun samo asali ne a cikin gagarumin fa'idar neman ilimi. Daga nasarorin da ya samu a fannin ilmin lissafi, musamman ma Theorem na Pythagorean, zuwa zurfin bincikensa na falsafa game da yanayin ruhi, sararin samaniya, da rayuwar ɗabi'a, ra'ayoyin Pythagoras sun tsara tsarin tunanin yammacin duniya na shekaru dubu. Imaninsa ga ikon lambobi don bayyana ɓoyayyun tsarin sararin samaniya, haɗe da koyarwarsa na sufanci game da rai da kuma lahira, sun bar tabo maras gogewa a falsafa, addini, kimiyya, da fasaha.

Gudunmawar da Pythagoras ya bayar kan ilmin lissafi ya kafa harsashin binciken kimiyya tsawon ƙarni, yayin da koyarwarsa ta ɗabi'a ta yi tasiri ga haɓaka falsafar ɗabi'a a cikin duniyar da da ta zamani. Haɗin bincikensa na musamman na bincike na hankali da fahimtar sufanci ya zaburar da masana falsafa na baya, ciki har da Plato, Aristotle, da masu Neoplatonists, kuma ra'ayoyinsa sun ci gaba da dacewa da masu tunani na zamani a fannonin da suka kama daga kididdigar lissafi zuwa ka'idar ɗabi'a.

A ƙarshe, Pythagoras ya shahara ba kawai don abin da ya gano ba, amma ga yadda yake tunani: ya yi imani cewa sararin samaniya mai jituwa ne, mai haɗin kai gaba ɗaya, kuma neman ilimi hanya ce ta samun fahimtar hankali da kuma wayewar ruhi. Wannan haɗehaɗen hangen nesa na rayuwa, kimiyya, da ruhi ne ya sanya Pythagoras ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane masu tasiri da dorewa a tarihin tunanin Yammacin Turai. Gadonsa, nesa ba kusa ba ga duniyar duniyar, yana ci gaba da zaburarwa da ƙalubalantarmu don bincika asirin sararin samaniya da zurfin ruhin ɗan adam.